IV.
THE FIRST 'SILMARILLION'
MAP.
This map was made on a sheet of examination paper from the
University of Leeds (as was most of the A-text of the Lay of
the Children of Hurin, III. 4), which suggests that it originated
in association with the Lay, or perhaps rather with the 'Sketch
of the Mythology' which was written to accompany it (p. 11).
On the other hand, some names which seem to belong with the
first making of the map do not appear in the texts before the
Quenta. Though it was not drawn initially in a way that would
suggest that my father intended it to endure, it was his working
map for several years, and it was much handled and much al-
tered. Names were emended and places re-sited; the writing is
m red ink, black ink, green ink, pencil, and blue crayon, often
overlaying each other. Lines representing contours and others
representing streams tangle with lines for redirection and lines
cancelling other lines. But it is striking that the river-courses as
drawn on this first map were scarcely changed at all after-
wards.
Associated with the map are two supplementary sheets,
giving an Eastern and a Western extension to the main or cen-
tral map; these are reproduced and annotated subsequently (see
insert). The main map is on a single sheet but is here repro-
duced in two halves, Northern and Southern. Names that were
written in red ink all seem to belong to the original 'layer' of
names, as do some (e.g. Huan, Mavwin, Turgon) of those in
black ink; but Taiglin, Geleidhian, in red, do not otherwise oc-
cur before the Quenta. Those in green ink are few: Broseliand;
Gnomes on the Northern half beside Gondolin, and on the
Southern half beside Nargothrond; and Wandering Gnomes in
the South-east.
In the following alphabetically-ordered list I take each half
in turn* and comment on almost every item, noticing especial-
ly where the name in question first appears in the narrative
texts.
The Northern HaIf of the Map.
Aglon, Gorge of The name itself is a hasty later addition. The
Gorge of Aglon first occurs in the Lay of Leithian (lines
2062, 2995, passages composed in 1928). In the Lay and in
Q ($$9, 10) the Gorge is the dwelling of the Sons of Feanor,
who are placed on the map to the North of it (and circled
with an arrow directing to the East).
Angband The placing of Angband in relation to Thangoro-
drim shows how my father saw them at the time of the long
Lays and the 'Sketch'. In the Lay of the Children of Hurin
(lines 712 - 14) the 'hopeless halls of Hell' are
wrought at the roots of the roaring cliffs
of Thangorodrim's thunderous mountain.
In the Lay of Leithian (lines 3526ff.) Angband's gate seems
clearly to lie beneath Thangorodrim; and in S ($8)
Thangorodrim is 'the highest of the Iron Mountains around
Morgoth's fortress'. See further the commentary on the
Ambarkanta, p. 307.
Angeryd The Iron Mountains. Cf. Angorodin in the Tale of
Turambar (II. 77).
Angrin Aiglir Aiglir Angrin occurs twice in the Lay of the
Children of Hurin (lines 711, 1055), emended later to Eiglir
Engrin (in The Silmarillion Ered Engrin).
(* The list of names for the northern half includes names as far south as the
fold in the original map, which can be seen in the reproductions; thus
Ginglith, Esgalduin, Thousand Caves appear in the first list, but Doriath be-
yond Sirion, Aros in the second.)
Aryador This name reappears, rather surprisingly, from the
Lost Tales, as a third name of Hithlum. In the tale of The
Coming of the Elves (I. 119) hador is said to be the name
among Men for Hisilome; see also I. 249.
Battle of Unnumbered Tears The Mound of Slain is placed in
the Lay of the Children of Hurin (lines 1439 ff.) 'at the fur-
thest end of Dor-na-Fauglith's dusty spaces' (Flinding and
Turin were wandering westward, line 1436); cf. also Q$11
'Finweg and Turgon and the Men of Hithlum were gathered
in the West upon the borders of the Thirsty Plain.'
Beleg and Turin These names mark the north march of
Doriath, where Beleg and Turin fought together against the
Orcs, an element that first entered the story in the Lay of the
Children of Hurin (see III. 27).
Cristhorn Placed in the mountains north (not as originally
south) of Gondolin, as already in the fragment of the alliter-
ative Lay of Earendel (III. 143).
Deadly Nightshade, Forest of See Taur-na-Fuin.
Dorlomin See Hithlum.
Dor-na-Fauglith This name arose during the composition of
the Lay of the Children of Hurin (see III. 55), where also the
Thirsty Plain is found. On the map this is an emendation of
The Black Plain.
Dwarf-road to Belegost and Nogrod in the South It is inter-
esting that the Dwarf-road is shown as leading all the way
from Nogrod and Belegost in the far South to the very doors
of the Thousand Caves. It is possible, if not very likely, that
the 'Dwarf-road' on the map merely indicates the path
that the Dwarves did in fact take when summoned to
Doriath, rather than a beaten track.
Eredwethion A later replacement of Eryd Lomin, as also in
Q II $15 (note 1).
Eryd Lomin This name occurs in the caption to the painting
of Tol Sirion of July 1928, where, as on the map and in
Q II $15, it refers to the Shadowy Mountains; see
pp. 192-3.
Esgalduin First found in the Lay of the Children of Hurin
(III. 93). It is said in Q ($9) that it 'came out of secret wells
in Taur-na-Fuin', see Shadowy Spring. The course of
Esgalduin was not afterwards changed.
Ginglith First occurs in the Lay of the Children of Hurin
(III. 88). Its course was never changed.
Gondolin Placed as it was to remain. The lines running south
and west from the Encircling Mountains perhaps represent
the hidden 'Way of Escape'.
Hithlum Obviously Hithlum was not intended to extend south
of the Shadowy Mountains, despite the placing of the M.
The contour lines show that the Mountains of Mithrim did
not yet exist. Dorlomin is given as an alternative name, as
it is in S and Q ($8), where Lake Mithrim is placed in
Hisilome/Hithlum/Dorlomin; on the map Mithrim is simply
and solely the name of the lake (cf. III. 103).
Huan That a territory, south and east of Ivrin, is assigned to
Huan shows a very early stage in the legend of Beren and
Luthien, when Huan was independent of any master (see
III. 244).
Isle of the Werewolves The Isle first appears in the Lay of
Leithian in a passage written in March 1928 (see III. 234).
Originally marked on the map S.W. of Gondolin, and with
the river Sirion dividing quite broadly and enclosing a large
island, this site was struck out, and an arrow directs from
here to a more northerly position, not far south of the battle-
field of Unnumbered Tears. The later map brought it some-
what southward again.
(line 1526); it is placed on the map in the position that I
dunk is indicated in the Lay (see III. 87), and where it re-
mained.
Land of Dread Occurs twice in the Lay of Leithian (lines 49,
383) of the realm of Morgoth.
Mavwin It is curious that the map retains the old name,
which goes back to the Tale of Turambar, for Morwen is
found already in the second version of the Lay of the Chil-
dren of Hurin (III. 94) and in S. In S ($9) Hurin and
Morwen 'lived in the woods on the borders of Hithlum'.
Mindeb First occurs in the Lay of Leithian, line 2924
(April 1928).
Mithrim, Lake See Hithlum.
Mountains of Iron See Angeryd, Angrin Aiglir.
Nan Dun-Gorthin As the map was originally drawn this was
placed west of Sirion, S.W. of Gondolin and very close to
the Isle of the Werewolves (as that was originally placed).
This cannot be the same placing as in the Lay of the Fail of
Gondolin (III. 148), where the hidden door of Gondolin was
actually 'in dark Dungorthin'.
Subsequently Nan-Dungorthin was struck out and the
name written again further north, still west of Sirion, but
close beneath the Shadowy Mountains. This position is
clearly that of the Lay of the Children of Hurin, where Turin
and Flinding passed the site of the Battle of Unnumbered
Tears, crossed Sirion not far from his source, and came to
'the roots ... of the Shadowy Mountains', where they en-
tered the valley of Nan Dungorthin (see III. 59, 87).
Later again, an arrow was drawn moving Nan Dungorthin
to a position east of Sirion and north of Doriath, and so
more or less into the position of Nan Dungorthin (Nag
Dungortheb) on the later map.
Orcs' Road of Haste Cf. S $12: 'the Orc-road... which the
Orcs use when in need of haste.'
Shadowy Mountains First occurs in the Lay of the Children
of Hurin (see III. 29). See Eryd Lomin.
Shadowy Spring It is notable that the rivers Aros and
Esgalduin arise at the same place, in the Shadowy Spring
(not previously named in the texts; see Esgalduin). In the
later map, on which mine in the published Silmarillion was
based, this is still the case, and my map, showing the two
sources as separate, is regrettably in error.
Silver Bowl Shown in the Taiglin itself (not as later in the
tributary stream Celebros), as in the Tale of Turambar and
still in S and Q ($13).
Sirion The course of the river was never changed; in the later
map my father followed the earlier precisely.
Sirion's Well This is referred to in the Lay of the Children of
Hurin (line 1460). Its site remained unchanged.
Sons of Feanor See Aglon.
Taiglin This looks like an original element on the map, al-
though the name does not otherwise occur until the Quenta,
$13 (see p. 223).
Taur-na-Fuin This name (for Taur Fuin of the Lost Tales)
and its translation Deadly Nightshade first occur in the Lay.
of the Children cf Hurin (III. 55).
Thangorodrim See Angband.
Thimbalt This name occurs nowhere else. It is not clear from
the map what it represents, but since an area marked out by
dots surrounds Angband, and a similar area surrounds
Thimbalt, it seems likely that this was another fortress.
Thimbalt was struck out in pencil.
Thirsty Plain See Dor-na-Fauglith. Thirsty is an emendation
in black ink of Black in red ink.
Thousand Caves First occurs in the Lay of the Children of
Hurin. It is here placed as it was to remain, where Esgalduin
bends westward towards Sirion.
Woodmen of Turambar This is the second and later placing
of the Woodmen on the map; see notes on the southern half.
The Southern Half of the Map.
Aros, River Aros has only been named hitherto in the Tale of
the Nauglafring, where after the sack of Artanor (Doriath)
the Dwarves journeying thence to their homes in the South
(II. 225) had to pass the 'fierce stream' Aros at Sarnathrod,
the Stony Ford (II. 236). It is also said in the same place that
Aros, nearer to its spring, ran past the doors of the Caves of
the Rodothlim, though against this my father later noted
(II. 244 note 15) 'No [?that] is Narog', while in the Tale of
Turambar it is said (II. 81) that the Caves were above a
stream that 'ran down to feed the river Sirion'. I am not sure
how to interpret this. If it is assumed that the Stony Ford in
the Tale of the Nauglafring was on the (later) Aros, then the
Caves of the Rodothlim were on that river also, which is
most improbable. On the other hand, if Aros was simply the
earlier name of Narog, the question arises why the Dwarves
fleeing out of Artanor should have been going in this direc-
tion.
On the whole I am inclined to think that the phrase in the
Tale of the Nauglafring saying that Aros ran past the Caves
of the Rodothlim was a momentary confusion in a text writ-
ten at very great speed (II. 221), and that the Stony Ford
(but not the Caves) was always on the Aros, this river hav-
ing always borne this name. If this is so, this is still the ge-
ography on the map (as originally marked in this detail),
where Athrasarn (Stony Ford) was placed on the Aros half-
way between Umboth-muilin and the inflowing of Celon. At
this time the Land of the Cuilwarthin was in the North of
the Hills of the Hunters; and therefore in the story implied
by the map Beren and his Elves crossed Sirion from his land
and ambushed the Dwarves on the southern confines of
Doriath. It is not clear why the Dwarves were not taking
the Dwarf-road from the Thousand Caves, which crossed the
Aros much higher up; on this point see the note on the
Dwarf-road in the northern half of the map.
Before the first map was laid aside the idea had changed,
and when the Land of the Cuilwarthin was moved eastward
(see note on Beren) the Stony Ford was moved eastward also;
for the later history see under the Eastward Extension of this
map.
Athrasarn (Stony Ford) See Aros.
Beren The first placing of Beren and Land of the Cuilwarthin
(Land of the Dead that Live), in the North of the Hills of the
Hunters and in the proximity of Nargothrond, agrees with
the Lay of the Children of Hurin lines 1545 - 6 (see III. 89),
and so still in S ($10). In the Last Tales the Dead that Live
Again were (i-)Guilwarthon, changed in the Tale of Tinuviel
(II. 41) to i-Cuilwarthon; in Q ($14) the land is called
Cuilwarthien, changed to Gwerth-i-Cuina.
Subsequently Beren and Land of the Cuilwarthin were
struck out in this position, and Land of the Cuilwarthin re-
entered much further to the East, in the empty lands between
Sirion and Gelion. This was again struck out, in pencil, with
the note 'Lies to the east of this and beyond the Great Lands
of the East and of wild men' (on which see Beren and
Luthien and Great Lands under the Eastward Extension of
the map). In Q (514) the Land of the Dead that Live is in
Assariad (>Ossiriand), 'between the river [Gelion] and the
[Blue] mountains'.
Broseliand This name occurs first in the Lay of Leithian,
with the spelling Broceliand (III. 158-9, 169); BeLeriand
first appears (i.e. as originally typed, not as an emendation
of Broseliand) in Q $13, and in the Lay of Leithian at line
3957. Broseliand occurs also in the note in red ink in the
south-east corner of the map; this is given together with the
later alterations to it at the end of these notes on the south-
ern half.
Celon, River This has not occurred in any text. The course of
Celon is the same as on the later map, the river rising (in the
Eastward Extension of the present map) in Himling.
Cuilwarthin, Land of the See Beren.
Doriath The bounds of Doriath are represented, I think, by
Mindeb, by the dotted line (above 'Beleg and Turin') be-
tween Mindeb and Aros, then by Aros and Sirion to the dot-
ted line encircling 'Doriath beyond Sirion', and so back to
Mind eb.
Doriath beyond Sirion It is said in Q ($13) that the Taiglin
'enters the land of Doriath ere it joins with the great waters
of Sirion'. As a name, 'Doriath beyond Sirion' has only oc-
curred in a note on the MS of the Tale of the Nauglafring
(II. 249).
Duil Rewinion This name of the Hills of the Hunters (also on
the Westward Extension of the map) is not found elsewhere.
Dwarf-road See Aros.
Geleidhian This occurs in the note in the corner of the map
as the Gnomish name of Broseliand. It is found in additions
to Q, $9 (note 2) and $10 (note 15); see also photo insert.
Guarded Plain, The First occurs in the Lay of the Children of
Hurin (III. 88). On the later map the name is written over a
much larger area further to the North-east, and outside the
boundaries of the realm of Nargothrond as shown on that
map (see Realm of Narog beyond Narog).
Hill of Spies This first appears in Q $13 (see p. 224). If, as
would seem natural, the Hill of Spies is the eminence
marked by radiating lines a little north of east from
Nargothrond, the name itseif is placed oddly distant from it,
and seems rather to refer to the highland rising N.E. of
Nargothrond, between Narog and Taiglin.
Hills of the Hunters, The First named in the Lay of the Chil-
dren of Hurin, though they had been described without be-
ing named in the Tale of Turambar; see my discussion,
III. 88. On the map the Hills of the Hunters a-e shown as
extending far southwards towards the coast of the Sea, with
the Narog bending south-eastwards along the line of the
Hills; and there is an outlying eminence above the unnamed
cape in the S.W. corner of the map (later Cape Balar).
Ingwil First occurs in the Lay of the Children of Hurin
(III. 88 - 9).
Luthien caught by Celegorm In the Lay of Leithian (lines
2342 - 7) Celegorm and Curufin hunting oui of Nargothrond
with Huan on the occasion when Luthien was captured rode
for 'three days',
till nigh to the borders in the West
of Doriath a while they rest.
Marshes of Sirion On the later map called 'Fens of Sirion'.
Nan Tathrin (Land of Willows) For the name Nan Tathrin see
III. 89. It was already placed essentially thus in the tale of
The Fall of Gondolin (see II. 153, 217), and in Q $16 Nan-
Tathrin 'is watered by the Narog and by Sirion'.
Nargothrond Nargothrond was placed first further to the
South and nearer to the confluence with Sirion; the second
site is where it remained - but it is curious that in both sites
it is marked as lying on the east side of the river: in the Lay
of the Children of Hurin it was on the western side (cf. line
1762), and, I would think, always had been. (On the West-
ward Extension map this is corrected.)
In Q $9, after the Battle of Sudden Flame Barahir and
Felagund 'fled to the fens of Sirion to the South', and after
swearing his oath to Barahir Felagund 'went South'
(emended to 'South and West') and founded Nargothrond.
This would in fact point to the first site of Nargothrond on
the map; since the later site is due West from the fens.
Narog First occurs in the Lay of the Children of Hurin. The
course of the river was scarcely changed subsequently.
Realm of Narog beyond Narog This was hastily added to the
map in blue crayon, together with the broken line indicating
its boundaries. On the later map the 'Realm of Nargothrond
beyond the river' covers a much larger territory to the
North-east (see Guarded Plain).
Sirion See notes on the northern half.
Sirion flows underground See Umboth-muilin. Sirion's fall is
also referred to in the Lay of the Children of Hurin, lines
1467-8.
Umboth-muilin The name goes back to the Tale of the
Nauglafring (II. 225). It emerges from the Lay of Leithian
(lines 1722 if.) that the Twilight Meres were north of
Sirion's fall and passage underground, whereas in the tale of
The Fall of' Gondolin the reverse was the case (see II. 217,
HI. 222 - 3).
Waters of Sirion Cf. S $16 'The remnant reaches Sirion and
journeys to the land at its mouth - the Waters of Sirion',
and $l7 'He returned home and found the Waters of Sirion
desolate.'
Woodmen of Turambar The Woodmen were first placed a
long way away from their later location - south of Sirion's
passage underground and north of Nan Tathrin, with their
land (shown by a dotted line) extending on both sides of the
river. This position is quite at variance with what was said
in the Tale of Turambar (II. 91): 'that people had houses...
in lands that were not utterly far porn Sirion or the grassy
hills of that river*s middle course', which as I said (II. 141)
'may be taken to agree tolerably with the situation of the
Forest of Brethil'. The first placing of the name was struck
out, and the second agrees with Q ($13); 'their houses were
in the green woods about the River Taiglin that enters the
land of Doriath ere it joins with the great waters of Sirion.'
Note on the south-east corner of the map, in red ink with later
pencilled additions:
All the lands watered by Sirion south of Gondolin [added:
or more usually R. Taiglin] are called in English
'Broseliand', Geleidhian by the gnomes. [Added: - but this
usually does not include Doriath. Its east boundary is not
shown. It is the Blue Mountains.]
It is interesting that Broseliand is said to be the English name;
and that Doriath is not usually included in Broseliand.
Lastly, it may be mentioned that of the highlands rising on
the eastern side of the lower course of Sirion there is no trace
on the later map.
THE WESTWARD AND EASTWARD EXTENSIONS TO THE MAP.
These supplementary maps were drawn in relation to the
main or central map and substantially overlapping it: they are
in close accord with it in all features where they overlap.
These sheets were carefully laid out, but the actual markings
were done extremely rapidly in soft pencil, and are now very
faint; the paper is thin and the maps are battered. Some alter-
ations and additions were made in ink (some of the rivers of
Ossiriand are written in ink and some in pencil).
The notes on these supplementary maps include almost all
names that do not occur on the main map, and a few that occur
on both which have features of interest on the extensions.
The Westward Extension.
Bridge of Ice The words in the N.W. corner 'Far north lies
the bridge of Ice' refer to the Helkarakse, but the meaning
of the word 'bridge' is only explained in the Ambarkanta
(see pp. 291 - 2).
Brithombar (and Eldorest) This is the first occurrence of the
Havens of the Falas. That Osse persuaded some of the Teleri
to remain 'on the beaches of the world' is mentioned in
Q $3; and in a later rewriting of a passage in Q $11
(note 14) the presence of Elves 'from the Falas' before the
Battle of Unnumbered Tears is referred to.
Brithon, River The first occurrence of the name, as of
Brithombar the haven at its mouth. The later imposition
on the coast-line as originally drawn of the river-mouth
and the long cape giving protection to the haven can be
seen.
Celegorm and Curufin They are shown as being lords of a
'fief' N.W. of the Hills of the Hunters, with Felagund ruling
in Nargothrond.
Eldor, River The first occurrence of the name. This river was
later named Eglor, Eglahir, and finally Nenning, its course
remaining unchanged.
Eldorest, Haven of Eldorest The first occurrence of the name
(see Brithombar). The haven at the mouth of the Eldor be-
came Eglorest when the river became the Eglor, and so re-
mained (Eglarest in The Silmarillion) when the river was
again renamed Nenning.
Felagund See Celegorm and Curufin.
Hithlum The mountain-range fencing Hithlum on the West
(later Ered Lomin when that name was transferred from the
Shadowy Mountains, see pp. 233 - 4) is shown.
Morwen This is written over Mavwin (see this entry under
the main map).
Nargothrond is now placed on the west bank of Narog.
Orc-Mountains Extensive highlands cover the entire region
between Brithombar and the range forming the southern
fence of what was later called Nevrast. On the later map
these highlands are retained in the region between the
sources of the Brithon and the Eldor (Nenning), and are too
little represented on my map in the published Silmarillion.
Here Morgoth reaches the shores is probably a reference
to the story that has not yet emerged in the texts, that in the
year after the Battle of Unnumbered Tears 'Morgoth sent
great strength over Hithlum and Nevrast, and they came
down the rivers Brithon and Nenning and ravaged all the
Falas' (The Silmarillion p. 196).
Realm of Narog Of the three occurrences, that in the centre
between the Hills of the Hunters and the river was put in at
the time of the making of the map; the other two (Realm of
Narog in the West, and Realm of Narog Beyond Narog to
the East of the river) were entered in blue crayon at the
same time as Realm of Narog beyond Narog on the main
map, as also was the continuation of the broken line, mark-
ing the northern boundary, as far as the river Eldor.
Tower of Tindobel This stands where on the later map is
Barad Nimras (the tower raised by Felagund 'to watch the
western sea', The Silmarillion pp. 120, 196). Tindobel is first
mentioned in the Annals of Beleriand (later than the
Quenta), p. 398.
Ylmir's Way Ylmir, almost certainly the Gnomish form of
Ulmo, is found in the Lay of the Children of Hurin (III. 93)
and regularly in S. With 'Ylmir's Way' cf. the tale of The
Fall of Gondolin (II. 149 - 50):
Thereafter 'tis said that magic and destiny led [Tuor] on
a day to a cavernous opening down which a hidden river
flowed from Mithrim. And Tuor entered that cavern seek-
ing to learn its secret, but the waters of Mithrim drove
him forward into the heart of the rock and he might not
win back into the light. And this, 'tis said, was the will of
Ulmo Lord of Waters at whose prompting the Noldoli had
made that hidden way.
It is not clear from this passage at what point the river out
of Lake Mithrim went underground. In the story of Tuor
written long afterwards and given in Unfinished Tales
Tuor followed 'a sudden spring of water in the hills' (p. 21),
and
he came down from the tall hills of Mithrim and passed
out into the northward plain of Dor-lomin; and ever the
stream grew as he followed it westward, until after three
days he could descry in the west the long grey ridges of
Ered Lomin... (Unfinished Tales, p. 20).
The Gate of the Noldor, where the stream went under-
ground, was in the eastern foothills of Ered Lomin.
Ylmir's Way issues in a firth that is unnamed on the map
(Drengist has hitherto only occurred in the list of Old En-
glish names, p. 257).
It will be seen that the western coastline is closely similar to
that on the later map.
The Eastward Extension.
Adurant, River The most southerly of the tributaries of Ge-
lion, named in an addition to Q 514 (note 4). Its course and
relation to the mountains and the other rivers was not
changed.
Ascar, River The name of the northernmost of the tributaries
of Gelion occurs in Q $14 (see entry Flend below). Its
course and relation to the mountains and the other rivers was
not changed.
Beren and Luthien Here dwelt Beren and Luthien before de-
struction of Doriath in Land of Cuilwarthin. On the main
map the second placing of this land, between Sirion and
Gelion, was rejected with the note: 'Lies to the east of this
and beyond the Great Lands of the East and of wild men.'
This must mean that my father was moving the Land of the
Dead that Live far away into unknown regions (see the entry
Great Lands); but the Eastward Extension map places it in
the final position, in the region of the Seven Rivers: see
Gweirth-i-cuina.
Blue Mountains These were first named in Q $9.
Brilthor, River This, the fifth of the tributaries of Gelion, is
named in an addition to Q $14 (note 4); later emendation to
Q moved Duilwen further south and brought Brilthor into
the fourth place.
Broseliand Here is end of Broseliand, written between the
rivers Ascar and Thalos, and against the western feet of the
Blue Mountains. Cf. the addition to the note in the corner of
the main map (p. 280): 'Its east boundary is not shown. It
is the Blue Mountains.'
Cuilwarthin See Beren and Luthien, Gweirth-i-cuina.
Damrod and DirieL The note above the name Diriel reads:
'Here is a wide forest where many fugitive gnomes wander.
Orcs come seldom.' Cf. Q $14: 'the woods about the River
[Flend/Gelion], where aforetime were the hunting grounds
of Damrod and Diriel.'
The note below the name Diriel reads: 'Here also are
many Ilkorins who do not live in Doriath but fought at
Nirnaith Unoth.' Nirnaith Unoth occurs in the Lay of the
Children of Hurin, replaced by Nirnaith Ornoth (III. 79,
102, 123). On Dark-elves at the Battle of Unnumbered Tears
see S and Q $11.
Dolm, Mt. This is the first appearance of the mountain after-
wards named Dolmed, placed as on the later map.
Duilwen This, the third of the tributaries of Gelion, is named
m an addition to Q $14 (note 4), where it is placed as on the
map between Thalos and Loeglin. Later emendation to Q
gave the final order, with Duilwen moved south to become
the fifth tributary.
Dwarf-road and Sarn Athra As the Dwarf-road was first
marked on this map, after crossing Aros it bent south-east
and ran in that direction in a straight line across East
Broseliand, crossing (Flend) Gelion at Sarn Athra, which
(having been moved from its position on the main map,
where it was on the Aros) was now placed at the confluence
of the third tributary river (here Duilwen). The line of the
road goes off the map in the south-east corner, with the di-
rection: 'Southward in East feet of Blue Mountains are
Belegost and Nogrod.' This site for Sarn Athra agrees with
Q $14, where the ford is near the confluence of (Flend)
Gelion and Duilwen.
A later route for the Dwarf-road is also marked on this
map. Here the road bears more nearly east in the land of
Damrod and Diriel and so crosses (Flend) Gelion further
north: Sarn Athra is now placed just below the confluence of
Ascar with Gelion (this is the reason for the emendation of
Duilwen to Ascar in Q 514, note 7). It then follows the
course of Ascar on the southern side, crosses the mountains
by a pass below Mount Dolm, and then turns sharply south
and goes away on the eastern side of the mountains.
On the later map Sarn Athra is placed just above the con-
fluence of Ascar and Gelion, and the road therefore goes
along the northern bank of Ascar, but still crosses the moun-
tains south of Mount Dolmed; the Dwarf-cities are now
placed in the eastern side of the mountains not far from
Mount Dolmed.
East Broseliand The term East Beleriand occurs in Q $14.
Flend In Q $14 the great river of East Beleriand was first
named Ascar, but since Ascar was already in Q the name of
the northernmost of the tributaries from the Blue Mountains
I think that this was a mere slip (see p. 229 and footnote) for
Flend, to which it was emended. Flend then > Gelion, as on
the map. The course of Gelion was not changed afterwards,
but the map does not show the later eastern tributary arm
('Greater Gelion').
Gelion See Flend.
Great Lands The note down the right hand side of the map
reads: 'Here lie the Great Lands of the East where Ilkorins
(dark-elves) and Wild Men live, acknowledging Morgoth as
God and King.' This use of Great Lands for the lands of .
Middle-earth east of the Blue Mountains is notable; it is
used also on the main map, where the third site of the Land
of the Dead that Live is said to lie 'beyond the Great Lands
of the East and of wild men' (see Beren and Luthien). In the
Lost Tales the term Great Lands always means the lands be-
tween the Seas (i.e. the whole of the later Middle-earth); in
S and Q Outer Lands (which in the Lost Tales meant the
Western Lands) is used of Middle-earth, with later emenda-
tion to Hither Lands in Q.
The statement here that in the Great Lands of the East
both Wild Men and Dark-elves acknowledged Morgoth as
God and King is significant for the future. Cf. the emenda-
tion to Q II $18, note 3: 'But most Men, and especially
those new come out of the East, were on the side of the En-
emy.' The corruption of certain Men in the beginning of
their days appears in very early synopses (for Gilfanon's
Tale); see I. 236.
Gweirth-i-cuina This name, in which Gweirth- is apparently
emended from Gwairth-, is written over Cuilwarthin.
Gwerth-i-cuina (not Gweirth- as on the map) has appeared
in two emended passages in Q: $10 (note 15) 'they wan-
dered... upon the confines of Geleidhian in fair Ossiriand,
Land of Seven Streams, Gwerth-i-cuina, the Living Dead'
(where the name seems to be used of Beren and Luthien
themselves); and $14 (note 6) 'Elves called it oft Gwerth-i-
cuina', where it is used of the land, as on the map.
Humling The first occurrence is in the Lay of Leithian lines
2994 - 5 (April 1928):
where Himling's watchful hill
o'er Aglon's gorge hung tall and still.
Loeglin As the fourth of the tributaries of Gelion this is
named in an addition to Q 514 (note 4). Later emendation
moved Duilwen further south and brought Loeglin (> Lego-
lin) into the third place.
Nirnaith Unoth See Damrod and Diriel.
Ossiriath (of the Seven rivers) This form is not found else-
' where. It is written over Assariad, which occurs in Q $14,
later emended to Ossiriand (note 4). Ossiriand(e) is found as
a rejected alternative to Broseliand in Canto I of the Lay of
Leithian (III. 158 - 60). The placing of the name, between the
sixth and seventh rivers, is odd, but in view of 'of the Seven
rivers' probably not significant.
Rathlorion This is the form of the new name of Ascar found
in Q ($14), later emended to Rathloriel.
Sarn Athra See Dwarf-road. In Q 514 Sarn-athra, emended
to Sarn-athrad (note 8).
Sons of Feanor See entry Aglon to the northern half of the
main map.
Thalos This, the second of the tributaries of Gelion, is named
in an addition to Q $14 (note 4). Its course and relation to
the mountains and the other rivers was not changed.
'책,영화,리뷰,' 카테고리의 다른 글
| JRR Tolkien - The History of Middle Earth Series vol04 GL6 (0) | 2023.03.13 |
|---|---|
| JRR Tolkien - The History of Middle Earth Series vol04 GL5 (0) | 2023.03.13 |
| JRR Tolkien - The History of Middle Earth Series vol04 GL3 (0) | 2023.03.13 |
| JRR Tolkien - The History of Middle Earth Series vol04 GL2 (0) | 2023.03.12 |
| JRR Tolkien - The History of Middle Earth Series vol04 GL1 (0) | 2023.03.12 |