FOREWORD.
The Quenta Silmarillion, with the Ainulindale, the Annals of
Valinor, and the Annals of Beleriand, as they stood when my
father began The Lord of the Rings at the end of 1937, were
published six years ago in The Lost Road and Other Writings.
That was the first great break in the continuous development of
The Silmarillion from its origins in The Book of Lost Tales; but
while one may indeed regret that matters fell out as they did just
at that time, when the Quenta Silmarillion was in sight of the
end, it was not in itself disastrous. Although, as will be seen in
Part One of this book, a potentially destructive doubt had
emerged before my father finished work on The Lord of the
Rings, nonetheless in the years that immediately followed its
completion he embarked on an ambitious remaking and en-
largement of all the Matter of the Elder Days, without departure
from the essentials of the original structure.
The creative power and confidence of that time is unmistak-
able. In July 1949, writing to the publishers on the subject of a
sequel to Farmer Giles of Ham, he said that when he had finally
achieved The Lord of the Rings 'the released spring may do
something'; and in a letter to Stanley Unwin of February 1950,
when, as he said, that goal had been reached at last, he wrote:
'For me the chief thing is that I feel that the whole matter is now
"exorcized", and rides me no more. I can turn now to other
things...' It is very significant also, I believe, that at that time he
was deeply committed to the publication of The Silmarillion
and The Lord of the Rings 'in conjunction or in connexion' as a
single work, 'one long Saga of the Jewels and the Rings'.
But little of all the work begun at that time was completed.
The new Lay of Leithian, the new tale of Tuor and the Fall of
Gondolin, the Grey Annals (of Beleriand), the revision of the
Quenta Silmarillion, were all abandoned. I have little doubt that
despair of publication, at least in the form that he regarded as
essential, was the prime cause. The negotiations with Collins
to publish both works had collapsed. In June 1952 he wrote to
Rayner Unwin:
As for The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion, they are
where they were. The one finished (and the end revised), and
the other still unfinished (or unrevised), and both gathering
dust. I have been both off and on too unwell, and too
burdened to do much about them, and too downhearted.
Watching paper-shortages and costs mounting against me.
But I have rather modified my views. Better something than
nothing! Although to me all are one, and the 'Lord of the
Rings' would be better far (and eased) as part of the whole, I
would gladly consider the publication of any part of this stuff.
Years are becoming precious...
Thus he bowed to necessity, but it was a grief to him.
This second break was destructive - in the sense, that The
Silmarillion would never now be finally achieved. In the years
that followed he was overwhelmed: the demands of his position
in the University, and the necessity of moving house, led him to
declare that the preparation of The Lord of the Rings for
publication, which should have been 'a labour of delight', had
been 'transformed into a nightmare'. Publication was followed
by a huge correspondence of discussion, explanation, and
analysis, of which the examples retrieved and published in the
volume of his letters provide abundant evidence. It seems not to
have been until the end of the 1950s that he turned again
seriously to the Silmarillion narrative (for which there was now
an insistent demand). But it was too late. As will be seen in the
latter part of this book, much had changed since (and, as I
incline to think, in direct relation to) the publication of The
Lord of the Rings and its immediate aftermath. Meditating long
on the world that he had brought into being and was now in
part unveiled, he had become absorbed in analytic speculation
concerning its underlying postulates. Before he could prepare a
new and final Silmarillion he must satisfy the requirements of a
coherent theological and metaphysical system, rendered now
more complex in its presentation by the supposition of obscure
and conflicting elements in its roots and its tradition.
Among the chief 'structural' conceptions of the mythology
that he pondered in those years were the myth of Light; the
nature of Aman; the immortality (and death) of the Elves; the
mode of their reincarnation; the Fall of Men and the length of
their early history; the origin of the Orcs; and above all, the
power and significance of Melkor-Morgoth, which was en-
larged to become the ground and source of the corruption of
Arda. For this reason I have chosen Morgoth's Ring as the title
of this book. It derives from a passage in my father's essay
'Notes on motives in the Silmarillion' (pp. 394 ff.), in which he
contrasted the nature of Sauron's power, concentrated in the
One Ring, with that of Morgoth, enormously greater, but dis-
persed or disseminated into the very matter of Arda: 'the whole
of Middle-earth was Morgoth's Ring'.
Thus this book and (as I hope) its successor attempt to
document two radically distinct 'phases': that following the
completion of The Lord of the Rings, and that following its
publication. For a number of reasons, however, I have found it
more satisfactory in presentation to divide the material, not
according to these two 'phases', but by separating the narrative
into two parts. While this division is artificial, I have been able
to include in this book a high proportion of all that my father
wrote in the years after The Lord of the Rings was finished,
both in narrative and discussion (to which must be added of
course all the material in the volume of letters), concerning the
Elder Days before the Hiding of Valinor. The next volume will
contain, according to my intention, all or at any rate most of the
original texts relating to the legends of Beleriand and the War
of the Jewels, including the full text of the Grey Annals and a
major narrative remaining unpublished and unknown, The
Wanderings of Hurin.
The publication of the texts in this book makes it possible to
relate, if not at all points or in every detail, the first eleven
chapters (with the exception of Chapter II 'Of Aule and
Yavanna' and Chapter X 'Of the Sindar') of the published
Silmarillion to their sources. This is not the purpose of the book,
and I have not discussed the construction of the published text
at large; I have presented the material in terms of its evolution
from earlier forms, and in those parts that concern the revision
and rewriting of the Quenta Silmarillion I have retained the
paragraph numbers from the pre-Lord of the Rings text given in
Volume V, so that comparison is made simple. But the (inevit-
ably complex) documentation of the revised Quenta Silmaril-
lion is intended to show clearly its very curious relationship to
the Annals of Aman, which was a major consideration in the
formation of the text in the first part of the published work.
I am much indebted to Mr Charles Noad, who has once again
undertaken the onerous task of reading the text in proof
independently and checking all references and citations with
scrupulous care, to its great improvement.
I am very grateful for the following communications concern-
ing Volume IX, Sauron Defeated. Mr John D. Rateliff has
pointed out an entry in the diary of W. H. Lewis for 22 August
1946 (Brothers and Friends: The Diaries of Major Warren
Hamilton Lewis, ed. C. S. Kilby and M. L. Mead, 1982, p. 194).
In this entry Warnie Lewis recorded that at the Inklings meeting
that evening my father read 'a magnificent myth which is to knit
up and conclude his Papers of the Notions [sic] Club.' The myth
is of course the Drowning of Anadune. I was present on this
occasion but cannot recall it (in this connection see Sauron
Defeated p. 389).
Mr William Hicklin has explained why John Rashbold, the
undergraduate member of the Notion Club who never speaks,
should bear the second name Jethro. In the Old Testament
Moses' father-in-law is named both Jethro and Reuel (Exodus
2:18 and 3:1); thus John Jethro Rashbold = John Reuel Tolkien
(see Sauron Defeated pp. 151, 160).
I was unable to explain the reference (pp. 277 - 8) to the
retreat of the Danes from Porlock in Somerset to 'Broad Relic',
but Miss Rhona Beare has pointed out that 'Broad Relic' and
'Steep Relic' are in fact names used in manuscripts of the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the islands of Flatholme and
Steepholme at the mouth of the river Severn (see The Lost Road
and Other Writings p. 80); according to Earle and Plummer,
Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel (1892; II.128), 'The name
"Relic" may point to some Irish religious settlements on these
islands; "relicc" (= reliquiae) is the regular Irish name for a
cemetery.'
I take this opportunity to notice two important misprints that
entered the text of Sauron Defeated at a late stage. The first is
on p. 297, where line 45 of the poem Imram should read We
sailed then on till all winds failed, etc. The second is on p. 475,
where in Index II a line was dropped after the entry Pharazir;
the following should be restored: Pillar of Heaven, The 238,
241-2,249,302,315,317,335,353.
Lastly, I should mention that after the text of this book was in
print I added a discussion of the significance of the star-names
that appear on p. 160 to the head-note to the Index.
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