VII.
THE EARLIEST ANNALS OF
BELERIAND.
As with the Annals of Valinor, these are the 'earliest' Annals
of Beleriand because they were followed by others, the last be-
ing called the Grey Annals, companion to the Annals of Aman
and belonging to the same time (p. 310). But unlike the Annals
of Aman, the Grey Annals were left unfinished at the end of
the story of Turin Turambar; and both as prose narrative and
still more as definitive history of the end of the Elder Days
from the time of The Lord of the Rings their abandonment is
grievous.
The earliest Annals of Beleriand ('AB') are themselves
found in two versions, which I shall call AB I and AB II. AB
I is a complete text to the end of the First Age; AB II is quite
brief, and though it begins as a fair copy of the much-emended
opening of I it soon becomes strongly divergent. In this chapter
I give both texts separately and in their entirety, and in what
follows I refer only to the earlier, AB I.
This is a good, clear manuscript, but the style suggests very
rapid composition. For much of its length the entries are in the
present tense and often staccato, even with such expressions as
'the Orcs got between them' (annal 172), though by subse-
quent small expansions and alterations here and there my fa-
ther slightly modified this character. I think that his primary
intention at this time was the consolidation of the historical
structure in its internal relations and chronology - the Annals
began, perhaps, in parallel with the Quenta as a convenient
way of driving abreast, and keeping track of, the different el-
ements in the ever more complex narrative web. Nonetheless
major new developments enter here.
The manuscript was fairly heavily emended, though much
less so towards the end, and from the nature of the changes,
largely concerned with dating, it has become a complicated
document. To present it in its original form, with all the later
changes recorded in notes, would make it quite unnecessarily
difficult to follow, and indeed would be scarcely possible,
since many alterations were made either at the time of writing
or in its immediate context. A later 'layer' of pencilled emen-
dation, very largely concerned with names, is easily separable.
The text given here, therefore, is that of the manuscript afier
all the earlier changes and additions (in ink) had been made
to it, and these are only recorded in the notes in certain cases.
The later pencilled alterations are fully registered.
That AB I is earlier than the comparable portion of AV is
easily shown. Thus in AB I, as in Q ($8), there is no mention
of Fingolfin's march to Angband immediately on his arrival,
whereas it appears in AV (p. 320); again as in Q and in con-
trast to AV (p. 318) the Battle under Stars was fought, and
Feanor died, before the encampment in Mithrim. Further, the
names Dagor-os-Giliath and Eredwethion are added in pencil
in AB I, whereas in AV they appear in the text as first written,
and Erydlomin still means the Shadowy Mountains (see
p. 333). That AB I is later than Q is shown by a multiplicity
of features, as will be seen from the Commentary.
There follows the text of AB I.
ANNALS OF BELERIAND.
Morgoth flees from Valinor with the Silmarils, the magic
gems of Feanor, and returns into the Northern World and,
rebuilds his fortress of Angband beneath the Black Moun-
tain, Thangorodrim. He devises the Balrogs and the Orcs.
The Silmarils are set in Morgoth's iron crown.
The Gnomes of the eldest house, the Dispossessed, come
into the North under Feanor and his seven sons, with their
friends Orodreth, Angrod, and Egnor, sons of Finrod.' They
burn the Telerian ships.
First of the Battles with Morgoth,' the Battle under Stars.
Feanor defeats the Orcs, but is mortally wounded by
Gotmog captain of Balrogs, and dies. Maidros, his eldest
son, is ambushed and captured and hung on Thangorodrim.
The sons of Feanor camp about Lake Mithrim in the North-
west, behind the Shadowy Mountains.(3)
Year 1. Here Sun and Moon, made by the Gods after the
death of the Two Trees of Valinor, appear. Thus
measured time came into the Hither Lands.
Fingolfin leads the second house of the Gnomes
over the straits of Grinding Ice into the Hither
Lands. With him came the son of Finrod,
Felagund,4 and part of the third or youngest
house. They march from the North as the Sun
rises, and unfurl their banners; and they come to
Mithrim, but there is feud' between them and
the sons of Feanor. Morgoth at coming of Light
retreats into his deepest dungeons, but smithies
in secret, and sends forth black clouds.
2. Fingon son of Fingolfin heals the feud by rescu-
ing Maidros.
1-100. The Gnomes explore and settle Beleriand, and
all the vale of Sirion from' the Great Sea to the
Blue Mountains,' except for Doriath in the cen-
tre where Thingol and Melian reign.
20. Feast and Games of Reuniting were held in Nan
Tathrin, the Land of Willows, near the delta of
Sirion, between the Elves of Valinor returning
and the Dark-elves, both those of the Western
Havens (Brithombar and Eldorest)(8) and the scat-
tered Wood-elves of the West, and ambassadors
of Thingol. A time of peace followed.(9)
50. Morgoth's might begins to move once more.
Earthquakes in the North. Orc-raids begin.
Turgon son of Fingolfin is great in friendship
with Felagund son of Finrod; but Orodreth,
Angrod, and Egnor, sons of Finrod, are friends
of the sons of Feanor, especially Celegorm and
Curufin.
50. Turgon and Felagund are troubled by dreams
and forebodings. Felagund finds the caves of
Narog and established his armouries there.(10)
Turgon alone discovers the hidden vale of
Gondolin. Being still troubled in heart he gath-
ers folk about him and departs from Hithlum,
the Land of Mist about Mithrim, where his
brother Fingon remains.
51 The Gnomes drive back the Orcs again, and the
Siege of Angband is laid. The North has great
peace and quiet again. Fingolfin holds the
North-west and all Hithlum, and is overlord of
the Dark-elves west of Narog. His might is gath-
ered on the slopes of Erydlomin(11) the Shadowy
Mountains and thence watches and traverses the
great plains of Bladorion up to the walls of
Morgoth's mountains in the North. Felagund
holds the vale of Sirion save Doriath, and has
his seat" beside Narog in the South, but his
might is gathered in the North guarding the ac-
cess to Sirion's vale between Erydlomin and the
mountainous region of Taur-na-Danion, the for-
est of pines. He has a fortress on a rocky isle in
the midst of Sirion, Tolsirion. His brothers dwell
in the centre about Taur-na-Danion and scour
Bladorion thence, and join in the East with the
sons of Feanor. The fortress of the sons of
Feanor is upon Himling, but they roam and hunt
all the woods of East Beleriand even up to the
Blue Mountains. Thither at times many of the
Elf-lords go for hunting. But none get tidings of
Turgon and his folk.
70. Beor born in the East.
88. 90. Haleth, and Hador the Goldenhaired, born in the
East.
100. Felagund hunting in the East comes upon Beor
the mortal and his Men who have wandered into
Beleriand. Beor becomes a vassal of Felagund
and goes west with him. Bregolas son of Beor
born.
102. Barahir son of Beor born.
120. Haleth comes into Beleriand; also Hador the
Goldenhaired and his great companies of Men.
Haleth remains in Sirion*s vale, but Hador be-
comes a vassal of Fingolfin and strengthens his
armies and is given lands in Hithlum.
113 Hundor son of Haleth born. 117 Gundor son
of Hador born. 119 Gumlin son of Hador born.'-'
122. The strength of Men being added to the
Gnomes, Morgoth is straitly enclosed. The
Gnomes deem the siege of Angband cannot be
broken, but Morgoth ponders new devices, and
bethinks him of Dragons. The Men of the three
houses grow and multiply, and are gladly subject
to the Elf-lords, and learn many crafts of the
Gnomes. The Men of Beor were dark or brown
of hair but fair of face, with grey eyes; of
shapely form, of great courage and endurance,
but little greater than the Elves of that day. The
folk of Hador were yellow-haired and blue-eyed
and of great stature and strength. Like unto them
but somewhat shorter and more broad were the
folk of Haleth.
124. 128. Baragund and Belegund, sons of Bregolas son
of Beor, born.
132. Beren, after named the Ermabwed (14) or One-
handed," son of Barahir, born.
141. Hurin the Steadfast, son of Gumlin, born,
Handir son of Hundor son of Haleth born.
144. Huor Hurin's brother born.
145. Morwen Elfsheen, daughter of Baragund, born.
150. Rian daughter of Belegund, mother of Tuor,
born. Beor the Old, Father of Men, dies of old
age in Beleriand. The Elves see for the first time
the death of weariness, and sorrow over the
short span allotted to Men. Bregolas rules the
house of Beor.
* 155. Morgoth unlooses his might, and seeks to break
into Beleriand. The Battle begins on a sudden
on a night of mid-winter and falls first most
heavily on the sons of Finrod and their folk.
This is the Battle of Sudden Fire. Rivers of fire
flow from Thangorodrim. Glomund the golden,
Father of Dragons, appears." The plains of
Bladorion are turned into a great desert without
green, and called after Dor-na-Fauglith, Land of
Gasping Thirst.
Here were Bregolas slain, and the greater part
of the warriors of Beor's house. Angrod and
Egnor sons of Finrod fell. Barahir and his cho-
sen champions saved Felagund and Orodreth,
and Felagund swore a great oath of friendship to
his kin and seed. Barahir rules the remnant of
the house of Beor.
155 Fingolfin and Fingon marched to the aid of their
kin, but were driven back with great loss. Hador,
now aged, fell defending his lord Fingolfin, and
with him Gundor his son. Gumlin took the lord-
ship of Hador's house.
The sons of Feanor were not slain, but
Celegorm and Curufin were defeated and fled
with Orodreth son of Finrod. Maidros the left-
handed did deeds of great prowess, and Morgoth
did not take Himling as yet, but he broke into
the passes east of Himling and ravaged into East
Beleriand and scattered the Gnomes of Feanor's
house.
Turgon was not at that battle, nor Haleth or
any but few of his folk. It is said that Hurin was
at foster with Haleth, and that Haleth and Hurin
hunting in Sirion's vale came upon some of
Turgon's folk, and were brought into the secret
vale of Gondolin, whereof of those outside none
yet knew save Thorndor King of Eagles; for
Turgon had messages and dreams sent by the
God Ulmo, Lord of Waters, up Sirion warning
him that help of Men was necessary for him.
But Haleth and Hurin swore oaths of secrecy
and never revealed Gondolin, but Haleth learned
something of the counsels of Turgon, and told
them after to Hurin. Great liking had Turgon for
the boy Hurin and would keep him in Gondolin,
but the grievous tidings of the great battle came
and they departed. Turgon sends secret messen-
gers to Sirion's mouths and begins a building of
ships. Many set sail for Valinor, but none re-
turn.'"
Fingolfin seeing the ruin of [the] Gnomes and
the defeat of all their houses was filled with
wrath and despair, and rode alone to the gates of
Angband and challenged Morgoth to single
con;bat. Fingolfin was slain, but Thorndor res-
cued his body, and set it in a cairn on the moun-
tains north of Gondolin to guard that valley, and
so came the tidings thither. Fingon ruled the
royal house of [the] Gnomes.
157. Morgoth took Tolsirion and pierced the passes
into West Beleriand. There he set Thu the wiz-
ard, and Tolsirion became a place of evil.(20)
Felagund and Orodreth, together with Celegorm
and Curufin, retreated to Nargothrond, and made
there a great hidden palace after the fashion of
Thingol in" the Thousand Caves in Doriath.
Barahir will not retreat and holds out still in
Taur-na-Danion. Morgoth hunts them down and
turns Taur-na-Danion into a region of great
dread, so that it was after called Taur-na-Fuin,
the Forest of Night, or Math-Fuin-delos (22)
Deadly Nightshade. Only Barahir and his son
Beren, and his nephews Baragund and Belegund
sons of Bregolas and a few men remain.(23) The
wives of Baragund and Belegund and their
young daughters Morwen and Rian were sent (24)
into Hithlum to the keeping of Gumlin.
158. Haleth and his folk lead a woodland life in
woods about Sirion on the west marches o
Doriath and harry the Orc-bands.(25)
160. Barahir was betrayed by Gorlim, and all his
company is slain by the Orcs save Beren who
was hunting alone. Beren pursues the Orcs and
slays his father's slayer and retakes the ring
which Felagund gave to Barahir. Beren becomes
a solitary outlaw.
162. Renewed assaults of Morgoth. The Orc-raids en-
compass Doriath, protected by the magic of Me-
lian the divine, west down Sirion and eas
beyond Himling. Beren is driven south and
comes hardly into Doriath. Gumlin slain in an
assault upon the fortress of Fingon at Sirion's
Well in the west of Erydlomin.(27) Hurin his son
is mighty in strength. He is summoned to
Hithlum and comes there hardly. He rules the
house of Hador and serves Fingon.
163 The Swarthy Men first come into East Be-
leriand. They were short, broad, long and strong
in the arm, growing much hair on face and
breast, and this was dark as were their eyes;
their skins were sallow or dark, but most were
not uncomely. Their houses were many, and
many had liking rather for the (28) Dwarves of the
mountains, of Nogrod and Belegost, than for the
Elves. Of the Dwarves the Elves first learned in
these days, and their friendship was small. It is
not known whence they are, save that they are
not of Elf-kin, nor of mortal, nor of Morgoth,
But Maidros seeing the weakness of the Gnomes
and the waxing power of the armies of Morgoth
made alliance with the new-come Men, and with
the houses of Bor and of Ulfand.(30) The sons of
Ulfand were Uldor, after called the Accursed,
and Ulfast, and Ulwar; and by Cranthir son of
Feanor were they most beloved, and they swore
fealty to him.
163-4 The great geste of Beren and Luthien.(31) King
Felagund of Nargothrond dies in Tolsirion (32 in
the dungeons of Thu. Orodreth rules Nargo-
thrond and breaks friendship with Celgorm and
Curufin who are expelled.(33) Luthien and Huan
overthrow Thu. Beren and Luthien go to
Angband and recover a Silmaril. Carcharoth the
great wolf of Angband with the Silmaril in his
belly bursts into Doriath. Beren md the hound
Huan are slain by Carcharoth, but Huan slays
Carcharoth and the Silmaril is regained.
Beren was recalled from the dead by Luthien
and dwelt with her (34) in the Land of Seven Riv-
ers, Ossiriand, out of the knowledge of Men end
Elves.(35)
164. Hurin weds Morwen.
165. Turin son of Hurin born in winter with sad,
omens.(35)
165-70. The Union of Maidros. Maidros enheartened by
the deeds of Beren and Luthien plans a reuniting
of forces for the driving back of Morgoth. But
because of the deeds of Celegorm and Curufin
he receives no help from Thingol, and only
small support from Nargothrond, where the
Gnomes attempt to guard themselves by stealth
and secrecy. He gathers and arms all the
Gnomes of Feanor's house, and multitudes of
the Dark-elves, and of Men, in East Beleriand.
He gets help in smithying of the Dwarves, and
sun<mons yet more Men over the mountains out
of the East.
Tidings come to Turgon the hidden king an
he prepares in secret for war, for his people who
were not at the Second Battle will not be re-
strained.
167. Dior the Beautiful born to Beren and Luthien in
Ossiriand.
168. Haleth, last of the Fathers of Men, dies. Hundor
rules his folk. The Orcs are slowly driven back
out of Beleriand.
171 Isfin daughter of Turgon strays out of Gondolin
and is taken to wife by Eol a Dark-elf.
* 172 The year of sorrow. Maidros plans an assault
upon Angband, from West and East. Fingon is
to march forth as soon as Maidros' main host
gives the signal in the East of Dor-na-Fauglith.
Huor son of Hador (37) weds Rian daughter of
Belegund on the eve of battle and marches with
Hurin his brother in the army of Fingon.
The Battle of Unnumbered Tears," the third
battle of the Gnomes and Morgoth, was fought
upon the plains of Dor-na-Fauglith before the
pass in which the young waters of Sirion enter
Beleriand between Erydlomin (39) and Taur-na-
Fuin. The place was long marked by a great hill
in which the slain, Elves and Men, were piled.
Grass grew there alone in Dor-na-Fauglith. The
Elves and Men were utterly defeated and their
ruin accomplished.
Maidros was hindered on the road by the
machinations of Uldor the Accursed whom
Morgoth's spies had bought. Fingon attacked
without waiting and drove in Morgoth's feinted
attack, even to Angband. The companies from
Nargothrond burst into his gates, but they and
their leader Flinding son of Fuilin< were all
taken; and Morgoth now released a countless
army and drove the Gnomes back with terrible
slaughter. Hundor son of Haleth and the Men of
the wood were slain in the retreat across the
sands. The Orcs got between them and the
passes into Hithlum, and they retreated towards
Tolsirion.
Turgon and the army of Gondolin sound their
horns and issue out of Taur-na-Fuin. Fortune
wavers and the Gnomes begin to gain ground.
Glad meeting of Hurin and Turgon.
The trumpets of Maidros heard in the East,
and the Gnomes take heart. The Elves say vic-
tory might have been theirs yet but for Uldor.
But Morgoth now sent forth all the folk of
Angband and Hell was emptied. There came
afresh a hundred thousand Orcs and a thousand
Balrogs, and in the forefront came Glomund the
Dragon, and Elves and Men withered before
him. Thus the union of the hosts of Fingon and
Maidros was broken. But Uldor went over to
Morgoth and fell on the right flank of the sons
of Feanor.
Cranthir slew Uldor, but Ulfast and Ulwar
slew Bor and his three sons and many Men who
were faithful and the host of Maidros was scat-
tered to the winds and fled far into hiding into
East Beleriand and the mountains there.
Fingon fell in the West, and it is said flame
sprang from his helm as he was smitten down
by the Balrogs. Hurin and the Men of Hithlum
of Hador's house, and Huor his brother, stood
firm, and the Orcs could not pass into Beleriand.
The stand of Hurin is the most renowned deed
of Men among the Elves. He held the rear while
Turgon with part of his battle, and some of the
remnant of Fingon's host, escaped into the dales
and mountains. They vanished and were not
again found by Elf or by spy of Morgoth until
Tuor's day. Thus was Morgoth's victory marred
and he was greatly angered.
Hurin fought on after Huor fell pierced with a
venomed arrow, and until he alone was left. He
threw away his shield and fought with an axe
and slew a hundred Orcs.
Hurin was taken alive by Morgoth's com-
mand and dragged to Angband where Morgoth
cursed him and his kin, and because he would.
not reveal where Turgon was gone chained him
with enchanted sight on Thangorodrim to see
the evil that befell his wife and children. His son
Turin was nigh three years old,(41) and his wife
Morwen was again with child.
The Orcs piled the slain and entered
Beleriand to ravage. Rian sought for Huor, for
no tidings came to Hithlum of the battle, and her
child Tuor son of Huor was born to her in the
wild. He was taken to nurture by Dark-elves,
but Rian went to the Mound of Slain (42) and laid
her down to die there.(43)
173 Morgoth took all Beleriand or filled it with rov-
ing bands of Orcs and wolves, but there held
still Doriath. Of Nargothrond he heard little, of
Gondolin he could discover nothing. In
Beleriand outside these three places only scat-
tered Elves and Men lived in outlawry, and
among them the remnant of Haleth's folk under
Handir, son of Hundor, son of Haleth,'4
Morgoth broke his pledges to the sons of
Ulfand,(45) and drove the evil Men into Hithlum,
without reward, save that they there ill-treated
and enslaved the remnants of Hador's house, the
old men and the women and children. The rem-
nants of the Elves of Hithlum also he mostly en-
slaved and took to the mines of Angband, and
others he forbade to leave Hithium, and they
were slain if Orcs found them east or south of
the Shadowy Mountains.(46) Nienor the sorrowful,
daughter of Hurin and Morwen, born in Hithlum
in the beginning of the year.
Tuor grew up wild in the woods among fugi-
tive Elves nigh the shores of Mithrim;(47) but
Morwen sent Turin to Doriath begging for
Thingol's fostering and aid, for she was of
Beren's kindred. They have a desperate journey,
the boy of seven and his two guides.(48)
181 The power of Morgoth waxes and Doriath is cut
off and no tidings of the outer world reach it.
Turin though not fully grown takes to war on
the marches in company of Beleg.
184 Turin slays Orgof, kinsman of the royal house,
and flees from Thingol's court.
184-7 Turin an outlaw in the woods. He gathers a des-
perate band, and plunders on the marches of
Doriath and beyond.
187 Turin's companions capture Beleg. But Turin re-
leases him and they renew their fellowship, and
make war on the Orcs, adventuring far beyond
Doriath.(49)
189 Blodrin Ban's son betrays their hiding place, and
Turin is taken alive. Beleg healed of his wounds
follows in pursuit. He comes upon Flinding son
of Fuilin,(50) who escaped from Morgoth's mines;
together they rescue Turin,'rom the Orcs. Turin
slays Beleg by misadventure.
190 Turin healed of his madness by Ivrin's well,(51)
and is brought at last by Flinding to
Na-gothrond. They are admitted on the prayer of
Finduilas daughter of Orodreth, who had before
loved Flinding.
190-5 The sojourn of Turin in Nargothrond. Beleg's
sword is reforged and Turin rejects his ancient
name and is renowned as Mormegil (Morma-
kil)(52) 'Black-Sword'. He calls his sword
Gurtholfin 'Wand of Death'. Finduilas forgets
her love of Flinding, and is beloved of Turin,
who will not reveal his love out of faithfulness
to Flinding; nonetheless Flinding is embittered.
Turin becomes a great captain. He leads the
Gnomes of Nargothrond to victory and their an-
cient secrecy is broken. Morgoth learns of the
growing strength of the stronghold," but the
Orcs are driven out of all the land between
Narog and Sirion and Doriath to the East, and
West to the Sea, and North to Erydlomin.(54) A
bridge is built over Narog. The Gnomes ally
them with Haleth's folk under Handir.
192 Meglin comes to Gondolin and is received by
Turgon as his sister's child.
194 In this time of betterment Morwen and Nienor
leave Hithlum and seek tidings of Turin in
Doriath. There many speak of the prowess of
Mormakil,(55) but of Turin none know tidings.
195 Glomund with a host of Orcs comes over
Erydlomin and defeats the Gnomes between
Narog and Taiglin. Handir is slain. Flinding dies
refusing succour of Turin. Turin hastens back to
Nargothrond but it is sacked ere his coming. He
is deceived and spellbound by Glomund.
Finduilas and the women of Nargothrond are
taken as thralls, but Turin deceived by Glomund
goes to Hithlum to seek Morwen.
News comes to Doriath that Nargothrond is
taken and Mormakil is Turin.
Tuor was led out of Hithlum by a secret way
under Ulmo's guidance, and journeyed along the
coast past the ruined havens of Brithombar and
Eldorest (56) and reached Sirion's mouth."
195-6 Turin goes to Hithlum and finds his mother
gone. He slays Brodda and escapes. He joins the
Woodmen and becomes their lord, since Brandir
son of Handir is lame from childhood. He takes
name of Turambar (Turumarth)(58) 'Conqueror of
Fate'.
196 Here Tuor meets Bronweg at Sirion's mouth.
Ulmo himself appears to him in Nan-tathrin; ang
Tuor and Bronweg guided by Ulmo find
Gondolin. They are received after questioning,
and Tuor speaks the embassy of Ulmo. Turgon
does not now harken to it, partly because of the
urging of Meglin. But Tuor for his kindred's
sake is held in great honour.
Morwen goes to Nargothrond, whither
Glomund has returned and lies on the treasure of
Felagund. She seeks for tidings of Turin. Nienor
against her bidding rides in disguise with her es-
cort of Elves of the folk of Thingol.
Glomund lays a spell on the company and
disperses it. Morwen vanishes in the woods; and
a great darkness of mind comes on Nienor.
Turin found Nienor hunted by the Orcs. He
names her Niniel, the tearful, since she knew
not her name, and himself Turambar.
197-8 Nienor Niniel dwells with the Woodfolk and is
beloved by Turin Turambar and Brandir the
lame.
198 Turin weds Nienor.
199 Glomund seeks out the dwellings of Turin.
Turin slays him with Gurtholfin his sword; but
falls aswoon beside him. Nienor finds him, but
Glomund ere death releases her from the spell
and declares her kindred. Nienor casts herself
away over the waterfall in that place.(59) Brandir
reveals the truth to Turin and is slain by him,
Turin bids Gurtholfin slay him, and he dies. So
ended the worst of Morgoth's evil; but Hurin
was released from Angband, bowed as with age,
and sought for Morwen.
Tuor weds Idril Celebrindal daughter of
[Turgon of] Gondolin, and earns the secret hate
of Meglin.
200 Here was born Earendel the Bright, the star of
the Two Kindreds, unto Tuor and Idril in
Gondolin. Here was born also Elwing the White,
fairest of women save Luthien, unto Dior in
Ossiriand.
Hurin gathers men unto him. They find the
treasure of Nargothrond and slay Mim the
Dwarf who had taken it to himself. The treasure
is cursed. The treasure is brought to Thingol.
But Hurin departs from Doriath with bitter
words, but of his fate and of Morwen's after no
certain tidings are known.
201 Thingol employs the Dwarves to smithy his gold
and silver and the treasure of Narog, and they
make the renowned Nauglafring,(60) the Dwarf-
necklace, whereon is hung the Silmaril. Enmity
awakes (60) between the Elves and Dwarves, and
the Dwarves are driven away.
202 Here the Dwarves invaded Doriath aided by
treachery, for many Elves were smitten with the
accursed lust of the treasure. Thingol was slain
and the Thousand Caves sacked. But Melian the
divine could not be taken and departed to
Ossiriand.
Beren" summoned by Melian overthrew the
Dwarves at Sarn-Athra (63) and cast the gold into
the River Asgar, which afterwards was called
Rathlorion (64) the Golden-bed; but the Naugla-
fring and the Silmaril he took. Luthien wore the
necklace and the Silmaril on her breast. Here
Beren and Luthien depart out of men's knowl-
edge and their deathday is not known; save that
at night a messenger brought the necklace unto
Dior in Doriath, and the Elves said: 'Luthien
and Beren are dead as Mandos doomed.'
Dior son of Luthien and Beren, Thingol's
heir, returned unto Doriath and for a while re-
established it, but Melian went back to Valinor
and he had no longer her protection.
203 The necklace came to Dior; he wore it on his
breast.
205 The sons of Feanor hear tidings of the Silmaril
in the East, and gather from wandering and hold
council. They summon Dior to give up the
jewel.
206 Here Dior fought the sons of Feanor on the east .
marches of Doriath. but he was slain. Celegorm:
and Curufin and Cranthir fell in battle. The
young sons of Dior, Elboron and Elbereth, were
slain by the evil men of Maidros' host, and
Maidros bewailed the foul deed. The maiden
Elwing was saved by faithful Elves and taken to
Sirion's mouth, and with them they took the
jewel and the necklace.
Meglin was taken in the hills and betrayed
Gondolin to Morgoth.
207 Here Morgoth loosed a host of dragons over the
mountains from the North and Gondolin's vale
was taken and the city besieged. The Orcs
sacked Gondolin and destroyed the king and
most of his people; but Ecthelion of the Foun-
tain slew there Gothmog lord of Balrogs ere he
fell.
Tuor slew Meglin. Tuor, Idril, and Earendel
escaped by a secret way devised by Idril and
came to Cristhorn, Eagles' Cleft, a high pass be-
neath Fingolfin's cairn in the North. Glorfindel
was there slain in an ambush, but Thorndor
saved the remnant of Gondolin, and they es-
caped at last into the vale of Sirion.
The ruin of the Elves was now well-nigh
complete, and no refuge or strong place or realm
remained to them.
208 Here the wanderers from Gondolin reached the
mouths of Sirion and joined with the slender
company of Elwing. The Silmaril brings bless-
ing upon them and they multiply, and build
ships and a haven, and dwell upon the delta
amid the waters. Fugitives gather to them.
210 Maidros hears of the upspringing of Sirion's Ha-
ven and that a Silmaril is there, but he forswears
his oath.
224 The Unquiet of Ulmo comes upon Tuor and he
builds the ship Earame, Eagle's Pinion, and de-
parts with Idril into the West and is heard of no
more. Earendel weds Elwing and is lord of the
folk of Sirion.
225 Torment of Maidros and his brothers because of
their oath. Damrod and Diriel resolve to win the
Silmaril if Earendel will not yield it.
Here unquiet came upon Earendel and he
voyaged the seas afar seeking Tuor, and seeking
Valinor, but he found neither. The marvels that
he did and saw were very many and renowned.
Elrond Half-elfin, son of Earendel, was born.
The folk of Sirion refused to give up the
Silmaril in Earendel's absence, and they thought
their joy and prosperity came of it.
229 Here Damrod and Diriel ravaged Sirion, and
were slain. Maidros and Maglor gave reluctant
aid. Sirion's folk were slain or taken into the
company of Maidros. Elrond was taken to nur-
ture by Maglor. Elwing cast herself with the
Silmaril into the sea, but by Ulmo's aid in the
shape of a bird flew to Earendel and found him
returning.
230 Earendel binds the Silmaril on his brow and
with Elwing sails in search of Valinor.
233 Earendel comes unto Valinor and speaks on be-
half of both races.
240 Maglor, Maidros, and Elrond with few free
Elves, the last of the Gnomes, live" in hiding
from Morgoth, who rules all Beleriand and the
North, and thrusts ever East and South.
233-43 The sons of the Gods (66) under Fionwe son of
Manwe prepare for war. The Light-elves arm,
but the Teleri do not leave Valinor, though they
built a countless host of ships.
247 Fionwe's host draws nigh to the Hither Lands
and his trumpets from the sea ring in the west-
ern woods. Here was fought the Battle of
Eldorest,(67) where Ingwil (68) son of Ingwe made a
landing. Great war comes into Beleriand, and
Fionwe summons all Elves, and Dwarves, and
Men, and Beasts, and birds to his standards,
who do not elect to fight for Morgoth. But the
power and dread of Morgoth was very great,
and many did not obey.
* 250. Here Fionwe fought the last battle of the ancient
North, the Great or Terrible Battle. Morgoth
came forth, and the hosts were arrayed on either
side of Sirion. But the host of Morgoth were
driven as leaves and the Balrogs destroyed ut-
terly, and Morgoth fled to Angband pursued by
the hosts of Fionwe.
He loosed thence all the winged Dragons, and
Fionwe was driven back upon Dor-na-Fauglith,
but Earendel came in the sky and overthrew
Ancalagon the Black Dragon, and in his fall
Thangorodrim was broken.(69)
The sons of the Gods wrestled with Morgoth
in his dungeons and the earth shook and all
Beleriand was shattered and changed and many
perished, but Morgoth was bound.
Fionwe departed to Valinor with the Light-
elves and many of the Gnomes and the other
Elves of the Hither Lands, but Elrond Half-elfin
remained and ruled in the West of the world.
Maidros and Maglor perished in (70) a last endeav-
our to seize the Silmarils which Fionwe took
from Morgoth's crown.(71) So ended the First Age
of the World and Beleriand was no more.
NOTES.
1 This sentence, with their friends Orodreth, Angrod, and Egnor, sons
of Finrod, was an early addition; cf, the addition made to AV, note 21.
2 Later addition: Dagor-os-Giliath, which is found in AV as first writ-
ten, entry Valian Year 2996.
3 Later addition: (Eredwethion), which is found in AV as first written,
entry Valian Year 2996.- Pencilled in the margin against this passage,
but then struck out, is: The passage of the Gnomes into Mithrim oc-
cupied equivalent of 10 years of' later time or 1 Valinorian year. Cf,
AV, p. 318.
4 This is an early alteration, going with that given in note l, of With
him come the sons of Finrod; cf. the alteration made to AV, note 23,
An early alteration from: They march to Mithrim as the Sun rises, and
unfurl their banners; but there is feud ...
6 Later addition: Belegar. This name occurs in the Old English version
II of AV, p. 340 line 47.
7 Later addition: Eredlindon. This name occurs in late additions to Q
($9 note 3) and AV (note 14).
8 Eldorest > Eglarest > Eglorest (cf. notes 56, 67). On the Westward
extension of the first map (see p. 281; see insert) the name is
Eldorest; in an interpolation to AV (note 18) it is Eglorest; in The
Silmarillion it is Eglarest.
9 The conclusion of this annal (very probably changed at the time of
composition) was originally: A time of peace and growth. Before the
Sun were only the pines and firs and dark....
10 Later addition: at Nargothrond.
11 Erydlomin > Eredwethion (twice; later changes). See note 3, and
pp. 233-4; 272.
12 Later addition: at Nargothrond.
13 These three annals are placed here and written thus in the manuscript,
and enclosed in square brackets. The brackets perhaps only indicate
that the annals are an addition (Gumlin's birth was first placed in the
annal 122, but struck out probably at the time of writing, and the
mention of the birth of Handir son of Hundor was an early addition
to annal 141).
14 Later change: Ermabwed > Ermabuin. Ermabwed is the form in the
Lay of the Children of Hurin and in Q ($10).
15 Later addition: or Mablosgen the Empty-handed.
16 Most of the birth-dates from 124 to 150 were changed by a year or
two, but since the figures were overwritten the underlying dates can-
not all be made out with certainty. The entry for the birth of Rian was
first given a separate entry under the year 152; Rian the sorrowful,
daughter of Belegund, born.
17 Later addition: Dagor Hurbreged.
18 Later addition: in full might.
19 These two sentences were an addition, though a very early one: hence
the change of tense.
20 Later addition: Tol-na-Gaurhoth, Isle of Werewolves.
21 Later addition: Menegroth. This name occurs in an interpolation to
AV (note 18) and in the Old English version II, p. 343 line 164.
22 Math-Fuin-delos > Gwath-Fuin-daidelos (late change). On delos,
daidelos see p. 307 third footnote and p. 322 note 27.
23 Later addition: Gorlim, Radros, Dengar, & 7 others. Above Dengar is
written (later) Dagnir.
24 This sentence was struck through in pencil and the following replace-
ment written in: Their wives and children were captured or slain by
Morgoth, save Morwen Eledwen Elfsheen (daughter of Baragund)
and Rian (daughter of Belegund), who were sent, &c.
25 Following this the original text had: Haleth, last of the Fathers
Men, dies in the woods. Hundor his son rules his folk. This was
struck out while the Annals were in course of composition, for it re-
appears later, and not as an insertion (year 168).
26 Sirion's Well > Eithyl Sirion (later change). Eithyl (of which the v is
uncertain) replaces an earlier form, probably Eothlin.
27 Erydlomin > Eredwethion (later change; cf. note 11)
28 Later addition: nauglar or (i.e. for the Nauglar or Dwarves). Nauglar
seems to have been changed from nauglir, the form in Q
29 These two sentences, from Of the Dwarves..., bracketed in pencil;
see pp. 404 - S.
30 Ulfand is an early emendation from Ulband, and so also in the next
sentence.
31 Later addition: Tinuviel, daughter of Thingol of Doriath.- For the
word geste see III. 154.
32 Tolsirion > Tol-na-Gaurhoth (later change; cf. note 20),
33 Later addition: Nargothrond is hidden.
34 Later addition: among the Green-elves.
35 Elves > Gnomes (later change, depending on that given in note 34).
36 These two entires, for the years 164 arid 165, are early replacements
of essentially the same entries originally placed under 169 and 170;
Hurin son of Hador weds Morwen Elfsheen daughter of Baragund
son of Beor, and Turin son of Hurin born. The first of these contains
two errors, which cannot be other than the merest slips in rapid com-
position, for son of Gumlin son of Hador and son of Bregolas son of
Beor. Similarly in the entry for 172 Huor is called son of Hador.
37 Huor son of Hador: an error; see note 36.
38 Later addition: Nirnaith Irnoth, changed to Nirnairh Dirnoth. In the
Lay of the Children of Hurin there are many different forms of the Ei-
vish name of the Battle of Unnumbered Tears, one replacing another:
the last are Nirnaith Unoth replaced by Nirnaith Ornoth (the final
form Nirnaith Arnediad is also found in the poem, written in, at a later
period, as in Q $11, note 16).
39 Erydlomin > Erydwethion (later change; cf. notes 11, 27).
40 Flinding first > Findor; then Flinding son of Fuilin > Gwindor son
of Guilin (later changes).
41 Turin was nigh three years old depends on the earlier date of his birth
in the year 170: see note 36.
42 Later addition: Cum-na-Dengin. The name Amon Dengin is found in
a late rewriting of a passage in Q $16, note 3.
43 This passage replaced, at the time of writing, the original: Rian
sought for Huor and died beside his body. See note 46.
44 The date 173 was added subsequently, though. early, to this passage.
It remains in its original place, not struck out though not included
here, at the beginning of the next passage, Morgoth broke his
pledges...
45 Ulfand early < Ulband, as previously (note 30).
46 The original text had here: Tuor son of Huor was born in sorrow,
which was struck out at the time of writing when the additional pas-
sage concerning Tuor at the end of annal 172 was written in (note
43). The sentence concerning Nienor that follows was an early addi-
tion.
47 This sentence is roughly marked for transference to between the an-
nals 184 and 184 - 7.
48 This paragraph, from Tuor grew up..., was dated 177, but the date
was struck out. As the Annals were first written, Turin's birth was
placed in the year 170, but this entry was rejected and replaced under
165 (note 36). When the present passage was dated 177, therefore,
Turin was 7 when he went to Doriath; but with the striking out of this
date the passage belongs under 173, and the years of Turin's life in
Hithlum become 165 - 73, which may or may not signify a change in
his age when he went to Doriath. In The Silmarillion (p. 198) he wag
eight; but the statement here that he was seven is left unchanged,
49 After this annal another was inserted in the later, pencilled layer of
emendation: 188. Halmir son of Orodreth trapped and hung to a tree
by Orcs.
50 Flinding son of Fuilin > Gwindor son of Guilin (later change; cf.
note 40). Flinding > Gwindor at all occurrences of the name in an-
nals 190, 190-5, 195.
51 Ivrin 's well > the well of Ivrineithil (later change).
57 Mormegil (Mormakil) > Mormael (Q. Mormakil) (later change). This
is the first occurrence of the form Mormegil; for earlier forms see
p. 222.
53 Morgoth learns of the growing strength of the stronghold is an early'
change from Morgoth learns of the stronghold.
54 Erydlomin > Erydwethion, as previously (later change); again in an-
nal 195.
55 Mormakil > Mormael (Mormakil) (later change; cf. note 52).
56 Eldorest > Eglorest (later change; cf. note 8).
57 This entry, from Tuor was led out of Hirhlum..., originally dated
196, was changed (early) to 195, but left where it was, with its date,
after that for 195 - 6. A pencilled direction places it in the position is
which it is printed here.
58 The h of Turumarth circled in pencil for deletion. The sentence is an
early addition.
59 Later addition: Silver Bowl (Celebrindon). This was struck out and
the following substituted: which was called Celebros Silver Foam but
after Nen Girith Shuddering Water.
60 Nauglafring > Nauglamir (later change); again in annal 202.
61 Enmity awakes is an early change from War ensues.
62 Later addition: and the Green-elves (cf. note 34).
63 Sarn-Athra > Sarn-Athrad (later change). The same change is made
in Q ($14, note 8).
64 Rathlorion > Rathloriel (later change). The same change is made in
Q ($14, note 11).
65 Later addition: Upon Amon Ereb the Lonely Hill in East Beleriand.
Above East Beleriand is written in the South.
66 the Gods > the Valar that is the Gods (later change).
67 Eldorest > Eglarest > Eglorest (later changes; cf. notes 8, 56),
68 Ingwil > Ingwiel (later change). Ingwiel is the form in an addition to
Q (Q II, $17, note 19).
69 Written hastily in the margin against this paragraph: This great war
lasted 50 years.
70 perished in > made (later change),
71 Later addition: but Maidros perished and his Silmaril went into the
bosom of the earth, and Maglor cast his into the sea, and wandered
for ever on the shores of the world.
Commentary on the Annals of Beleriand (text AB I).
This commentary follows the annal-sections of the text (in
some cases groups of annals).
Opening section (before the rising of the Sun). Morgoth 're-
builds his fortress of Angband'. This is as in S and Q, before
Utumna reappeared, as it does in the Ambarkanta (see pp.
303-4, 306 - 7); AV is not explicit, mere1y saying (p. 315) that
he 're-established his stronghold'. Angband is 'beneath the
Black Mountain, Thangorodrim'; on this see pp. 270, 306 - 7.
There is here the remarkable statement that Morgoth 'de-
vises the Balrogs and the Orcs', implying that it was only now
that they came into being. In Q ($2), following S, they origi-
nated (if the Balrogs were not already in existence) in the an-
cient darkness after the overthrow of the Lamps, and when
Morgoth returned to Angband 'countless became the number
of the hosts of his Orcs and demons' ($4); similarly in AV
(p. 315) he 'bred and gathered once more his evil servants,
Orcs and Balrogs'. A note written against the passage in Q $4
directs, however, that the making of the Orcs should be
brought in here rather than earlier (note 8): and in the version
of 'The Silmarillion' that followed Q (later than these Annals)
this was in fact done: when Morgoth returned,
countless became the hosts of his beasts and demons; and he
brought into being the race of the Orcs, and they grew and
multiplied in the bowels of the earth.
(The subsequent elaboration of the origin of the Orcs is ex-
tremely complex and cannot be entered into here.) It is clear,
therefore, that these words in AB I, despite the fact of its being
evidently earlier than AV, look forward to the later idea (itself
impermanent) that the Orcs were not made until after
Morgoth's return from Valinor.
According to AV Morgoth escaped in the course of the
Valian Years 2990 - 1; some century and a half of later time
elapsed, then, between the first making of the Orcs and the be-
ginning of their raids, referred to under the first of the annals
dated 50.
On the addition (notes 1 and 4) that Orodreth, Angrod, an
Egnor came to Middle-earth in the ships with the Feanorians
while Felagund crossed the Grinding Ice with Fingolfin, see
the commentary on AV, p. 332 - 3.
Annal 1 The reason for the alteration in note 5 is not clear
to me; unless the purpose was to emphasize that the second
host of the Noldoli came 'from the North'. i.e. from the Grind-
ing Ice, not from Drengist.
Annals 20 to 51 The 'Feast of Reuniting' is the later name,
as in The Silmarillion (p. 113); in Q ($9) it is the 'Feast of
Meeting'. But it is still held in the Land of Willows (see
p. 210). Now appear at the Feast ambassadors out of Doriath,
and Elves from the Western Havens Brithombar and Eldorest
(> Eglorest): for the growth of the idea of the Havens
p. 281, entry Brithombar. Whereas in Q the Feast took pl
within the period of the Siege of Angband, it now preceded
laying of the Siege, which in the later story began after
Glorious Battle (Dagor Aglareb) - of which the earthquakes
and the Orc-raids of the years 50 - 51 are the first suggestio
In the second annal dated 50 a major new feature emerges:
the story of the dreams and forebodings of Turgon and
Felagund, leading to the foundation of Nargothrond and
Gondolin. (A later note in Q refers to 'the Foreboding of the
Kings', $9 note 15.) In Q Nargothrond was founded after the
escape of Felagund from the Battle of Sudden Flame (p. 128),
and the hidden valley of Gondolin was never known until
Turgon's scouts, in the flight from the Battle of Unnumbered
Tears, climbed the heights above the vale of Sirion and saw it
beneath them ($15, p. 163; later rewritings to Q alter the story:
notes 1 and 2). But in AB I Turgon's departure with his people
from Hithlum to Gondolin took place immediately on his find-
ing of the secret valley, whereas in the later story he remained
still in Vinyamar (of which there is as yet no sign) for long
years after his discovery (The Silmarillion pp. 115, 125 - 6).
The definition of Hithlum as 'the Land of Mist about
Mithrim' may imply that Mithrim was still only the name of
the Lake; see AV, entry 2995, and commentary p. 330,
Fingon is now so named in the text as written, not Finweg
> Fingon as in Q.
Fingolfin is now named as the overlord of all the 'Dark-
elves' west of Narog, and his power is gathered in the north-
ward range of the Shadowy Mountains, whence he can watch
the plain of Bladorion (which is named in AV, entry 2996).
The island on which the tower of Felagund stood is now
named Tolsirion, and Felagund is alone associated with it (cf,
Q $9 'A tower they [the sons of Finrod] had on an, island in
the river Sirion', but also $10 'Felagund they buried on the top
of his own island hill'); the pre-eminence of Felagund among
his brothers is firmly established, and his isolation from them.
In Q 49, note 1, the name of the great pineclad highland be-
fore it was turned to a place of evil first appears, in the form
Taur Danin; Taur-na-Danion occurs in the list of Old English
names (p. 258). It is said of the sons of Feanor in Q ($9) that
'their watchtower was the high hill of Himling, and their hid-
ing place the Gorge of Aglon'.
Annals 70 to 150 In the entries giving the birth-dates of the
Beorians is seen the emergence of an elder line of descent
from Beor the Old beside Barahir and Beren: Barahir now has
a brother Bregolas, whose sons are Baragund and Belegund (in
this History all three have been named in rewriting of the Lay
of Leithian, III. 335, but that belongs to a much later time). In
this line Morwen and Rian are genealogically placed, and as
the daughters of Baragund and Belegund become cousins. But
though nothing has been said before of Rian's kindred, the idea
that Morwen was related to Beren goes right back to the Tale
of Turambar, where (as that text was first written, when Beren
was a Man) Mavwin was akin to Egnor, Beren's father (see II.
71, 139).
The Beorian house is thus now in its final form in the last
and most important generations, though Barahir and Bregolas
were later to be removed by many steps from Beor with the
lengthening of the years of Beleriand from the rising of the
Sun.
By this genealogical development, too, Turin and Tuor are
descended both from the house of Beor and from the house of
Hador; and they become cousins on both sides.
Haleth, who in Q was the son of Hador, now becomes inde-
pendent, a Father of Men ., cf. the pencilled alterations to Q $9
(note 11 and pp. 210 - 11), where Haleth 'the Hunter' enters
Beleriand shortly before Hador - as is implied also in AB I. The
account of the physical characters of the Men of the Three
Houses of the Elf-friends is the origin of that in The Silmarillion
(p. 148); but at this stage the people of Haleth are likened to
those of Hador rather than to the Beorians, and this is undoubt-
edly a reflection of the fact that the 'Hadorian' and 'Halethian'
houses had only just been divided (see pp. 210 - 11).
In Q ($13, p. 155), Brandir the Lame was the son of Handir,
son of Haleth; but now in AB I a new generation is introduced
in the person of Hundor, by early addition to the text (see
note 13).
In the house of Hador the removal of Haleth as Hador's el-
der son leads to the appearance of Gundor, as seen already in
the later alteration to Q $9 (note 11 and pp. 211 - 12). In AB I
Hador is spelt both Hador and Hador, and on the assumption
that the accent must be intended whereas its absence may not
I have extended the form Hador throughout.
The genealogies of the Three Houses of the Elf-friends, to-
gether with their dates as given in AB I (after revision), are
now therefore as shown on p. 377.
That Hador became a vassal of Fingolfin (annal 120) is ex-
tended from the statement in Q $9, 'the sons of Hador were al-
lied to the house of Fingolfin', with the addition that he was
given lands in Hithlum. That his grandson Hurin had his house
in Hithlum is of course an ancient feature of the legends.
Beren's name Mablosgen, the Empty-handed (note 15) first
appears here (Camlost in The Silmarillion).
The sadness of the Elves who witnessed it at Beor's death
'of weariness' (annal 150) foreshadows the passage in The
SilmariL!ion, p. 149.
Annals 155 to 157 In these annals (to be compared with
Q $9) are many new details and one major development. In a
later addition (note 17) the Battle of Sudden Fire (itself appear-
ing, as the Battle of Sudden Flame, in a later addition, to Q,
note 19) receives the Elvish name Dagor Hurbreged; and
Glomund is present at the battle - by another later addition
(note 18) now in his 'full might'. At each stage, in addition to
S, in Q, in. addition to Q, in AB, and in addition to AB, the
history of Glomund is pushed further back; for the details see
pp. 219 - 20. In The Silmarillion p.151 the same pressiov,'i n
his full might' is used of Glaurung at the Battle of Sudden
Flame, where the statemeni !-.as the point that at his first ap-
pearance (p. 116) he was not yet full-grown: see pp. 405 - 6.
The death of Bregolas and the greater part of the warrios of
Beor's house is recorded ( f. The Silmarillion pp. 151 - 2), as
aiso is the death of Hador 'now aged' and his son Gundor, de-
fending Fingolfin (in The Silmarillion they fell at Eithel
Sirion). Orodreth as weil as Felagund is said to have been res-
cued by Barahir: this is not at all suggested in Q, where he
came to Nargothrod with Celegorm and Curufin only 'after a
time of hreathless flight and perilous wanderings*. and it seems
naturai to suppose that he had escaped from Taur-ra-Danion
(Taur-ra-Fuin)when his brothers Angrod and Egnor were
slain. On this matter see further below, annal 157.
Whereas in Q Himling is said to have been 'fortified' by the
sons of Feanor at this time (p. 128., previously it was their
'watchtower', p. 125). in AB it has been said earlier (annal 5l)
that Himling was their 'fortress', and it is now told that
through the prowess of Maidros it was not lost to them. The
passage of Orcs through 'the passes east of Himling' into East
Beleriand, and the scattering of 'the Gnomes of Feanor*s
house, are now first mentioned: in The Silmarillion (p. 153)
this is much amplified.
Much the most important and interesting development in
these annals is the sojourn of Hurin in Gondolin, of which
there has been no hint hitherto; but there are many differences
from the story in The Silmarillion (p. 158). In AB it was
Haleth and his fosterling Hurin (a boy of fourteen) who were
brought to Gondolin, having been found by some of Turgon's
people in the vale of Sirion; and it is suggested that this was
done because Turgon had been warned by messages from
Ulmo that 'the help of Men was necessary for him' - this be-
ing an element in Ulmo's message to Turgon by the mouth of
Tuor at a much later time in Q: 'without Men the Elves shall
not prevail against the Orcs and Balrogs' (pp. 170, 176). In
this earliest version of the story Haleth and Hurin left
Gondolin because of the tidings of the Battle of Sudden Fire.
In the later legend, on the other hand, it was Hurin and his
brother Huor who were brought (by the Eagles) to Gondolin,
and this happened during the battle itself; they left the city be-
cause they desired to return to the world outside, and they
were permitted to go (despite Maeglin) because having been
brought by the Eagles, they did not know the way. This was an
important element in the later story, since Hurin could not
reveal the secret of Gondolin whether he would or no. The
messages and dreams sent by Ulmo, which caused Turgon to
receive Hurin and Huor well when he found them in his city,
counselled him expressly 'to deal kindly with the sons of the
house of Hador, from whom help should come to him at need'.
Of course the essential element of Turgon's leaving arms at
Vinyamar on Ulmo's command was not yet present. The story
in AB has however the liking of Turgon for Hurin and his de-
sire to keep him in Gondolin, the oath of secrecy, and the fos-
tering of Hurin among the people of Haleth (with whom,
however, the 'Hadorians' were not yet allied by intermarriage).
Now too appears Turgon's sending of messages to Sirion's
mouths and the building of ships for vain embassage to Valinor
(The Silmarillion p. 159).
The annal 157 introduces the interval of two years between
the Battle of Sudden Fire and the taking of Tolsirion, which
thenceforward was the Isle of Werewolves (and by the later ad
dition given in note 20 receives the Elvish name Tol-na-
Gaurhoth); cf. The Silmarillion p. 155. But in this annal it is
said that not only Orodreth and Celegorm and Curufin re-
treated to Nargothrond at this time, but Felagund also, and that
they made there a great hidden palace. It is difficult to know
what to make of this, since in the entry for the year 50 it is
said that Felagund 'established his armouries' in the caves of
Narog, and in that for 51 'he has his seat beside Narog in the
South' (though his power is centred on Tolsirion). Possibly the
meaning is that though Nargothrond had existed for more than
a hundred years as a Gnomish stronghold it was not until the
Battle of Sudden Fire that it was made into a great subterra-
nean dwelling or 'palace', and the centre of Felagund's power.
Even so, the story still seems very confused. In annal 155
'Barahir and his chosen champions saved Felagund and
Orodreth', but also 'Celegorm and Curufin were defeated and
fled with Orodreth', while two years later, in 157, 'Felagund
and Orodreth, together with Celegorm and Curufin, retreated to
Nargothrond'.
The implication of the last two of these statements is surely
that Celegorm and Curufin fled west with Orodreth after Taur-
na-Danion was overrun and took refuge with Felagund on
Tolsirion; and when Tolsirion was taken two years later all
four went south to Narog. If this is so, it seems to contradict
the first statement, that Barahir saved Felagund and Orodreth
at the Battle of Sudden Fire in 155. Perhaps the fact that the
annal heading 155 is written twice hints at an explanation. The
second heading is written at the top of a manuscript page
<which finishes at the end of the entry for 157); and it may be
that this page is a revision which was not properly integrated
into the narrative.
In the second paragraph of 157 various new elements ap-
pear: the sending of Morwen and Rian to Hithlum (cf. The
Silmarillion p. 155); Morwen's name Eledwen (note 24; she is
called 'Elfsheen' in Q $9 and in annal 145); the presence of
Baragund and Belegund in Barahir's band, and (by later addi-
tion, note 23) the names of two others (in addition to Gorlim):
Radros and Dengar (> Dagnir). Dagnir remains in The
Silmarillion; Radros became Radhruin.
It may be noticed here that while my father subsequently
greatly expanded the duration of Beleriand from the rising of
the Sun to the end of the Elder Days, this expansion was not
achieved by a general, proportionate enlargement of the inter-
vals between major events. Rather, he increased (in successive
versions of the Annals) the lapse of time in the earlier part of
the period, the Siege of Angband being enormously extended;
and the relative dating of the later events remained little af-
fected. Thus in AB I the Battle of Sudden Fire took place in
the year 155, the attack on the fortress of Sirion's Well in 162,
and the Fall of Nargothrond in 195; in The Silmarillion the
dates are 455 (p. 150), 462 (p. 160), and 495 (p. 211).
Annal 162 The renewed assault of Morgoth seven years after
the Battle of Sudden Fire, and the death of Gumlin at Sirion's
Well, are referred to in The Silmarillion, p. 160 (with Galdor
for Gumlin). Sirion's Well is referred to in the Lay of the Chil-
dren of Hurin (line 1460) and marked on the map (p. 222): but
'in the west of (the Shadowy Mountains)' in this annal must be
a slip for 'east'. The Elvish name Eithyl Sirion (note 26) here
first occurs.
Hurin was 'summoned to Hithlum', clearly, because he was
at that time still with his fosterfather Haleth in the vale of
Sirion.
Annal 163 The Swarthy Men were referred to somewhat
obliquely in Q $11, as first written: 'Men from East and South'
came to Maidros' banner (p. 141), and 'the swart Men, whom
Uldor the Accursed led, went over to the foe' (p. 142). In a
later interpolation (note 14) the Men from the East are 'the
swarthy Men' and 'the Easterlings', and 'the sons of Bor and
Ulfang' are referred to, Uldor the Accursed being the son of
Ulfang. It is not made clear in Q when these Men came out of
the East. In AB they entered Beleriand in the year following
the attack on Eithel Sirion, while in The Silmarillion their com-
ing is put somewhat earlier (p. 157); but the description of
them in AB is preserved closely in The Silmarillion, with the
mention of their liking (clearly boding no good) for the
Dwarves of the mountains. The interpolation in Q has the final
form Ulfang, whereas in AB he is Ulfand (< Ulband, notes 30,
45);* his sons are Uldor, Ulfast, whose names were not after-
wards changed, and Ulwar, who became Ulwarth. The associ-
ation of Cranthir (Caranthir) with these Men also now appears.
With the words of AB concerning the Dwarves cf. Q $9,
p. 126.
Annal 163-4 On the Green-elves of Ossiriand, appearing in
a later interpolation (note 34, and again subsequently, note 62),
see AV note 14, and p. 329.
Annal 165-70 There is some slight difference in the ac-
counts in Q $11 and in AB: thus the deeds of Celegorm and
Curufin are here made the reason for Thingol's refusal to join
the Union of Maidros, and the reluctance of the Elves of
Nargothrond is due to their strategy of stealth and secrecy,
whereas in Q (as in The Silmarillion, pp. 188 - 9) Thingol's mo-
tive is the demand made on him by the Feanorians for the re-
turn of the Silmaril, and it is the deeds of Celegorm and
Curufin that determine Orodreth's policy. There is possibly a
suggestion in the words 'for his people will not be restrained'
that the emergence of the host of Gondolin was against
Turgon's wisdom; in Q $11 as rewritten (in note 7, where the
story of the much earlier foundation of Gondolin had entered)
Turgon 'deemed that the hour of deliverance was at hand'.
Annal 168 'The Orcs are slowly driven back out of
Beleriand': cf. the rewritten passage in Q $11, note 14, 'Now
for a while the Gnomes had victory, and the Orcs were driven
out of Beleriand.' But this comes after 'Having gathered at last
(*My father doubtless had both Q and AB in front of him as working texts
for a considerable time, and some emendations to Q are later than some
emendations to AB.)
all the strength that he might Maidros appointed a day'. as I
noted (p. 216), the two phases of the war are not clearly
distinguished - or else it is only with the Annals that the first
successes against the Orcs are moved back, with the concom-
itant idea that Maidros 'made trial of his strength too soon, ere
his plans were full-wrought' (The Silmarillion p. 189),
Annal 171 In Q $15 Isfin was lost after the Battle of Un-
numbered Tears, and Eol 'had deserted the hosts ere the bat-
tle'.
Annal 172 In this account of the Battle of Unnumbered
Tears, with which is to be compared that in Q $11, the Annals
introduce many new details that were to endure. Thus it is now
told that Huor wedded Rian on the eve of battle'; and that
there was to be a visible signal from Maidros to the hosts wait-
ing in the West. The doubt concerning the part of the people
of Haleth (see p. 218) is now resolved, and 'Hundor son of
Haleth and the Men of the wood were slain in the retreat
across the sands', and 'glad meeting of Hurin and Turgon' now
arises out of the story first told in annal 155; Balrogs smote
down Fingon, though Gothmog is not yet named as his slayer;
Turgon took with him in his retreat a remnant of Fingon's host
(so in The Silmarillion p. 194); Huor died of a venomed arrow
(ibid); Hurin threw away his shield (ibid. p. 195).
The change of Flinding son of Fuilin to Gwindor son of
Guilin (note 40), which is made also in Q, clearly occurs for
the first time in AB, since Flinding here became Findor before
he became Gwindor.
In a few points AB differs from the later story. Here,
Tugon's host descended out of Taur-na-Fuin, whereas in Q (as
rewritten, note 7) 'they encamped before the West Pass in sight
of the walls of Hithlum', just as in The Silrmrillion (p. 192)
the host of Gondolin 'had been stationed southward guarding
the Pass of Sirion'. The loyalty of Bor and his sons, not men-
tioned in Q, now appears, but whereas in the later story
Maglor slew Uldor, and the sons of Bor slew Ulfast and
Ulwarth 'ere they themselves were slain', in AB Cranthir slew
Uldor, and Ulfast and Ulwar slew Bor and his three sons. The
number of a thousand Balrogs who came from Angband when
'Hell was emptied' shows once again (see II. 212 - 13 and
p. 207), and more clearly than ever, that Morgoth's demons of
fire were not conceived as rare or peculiarly terrible - unlike
the Dragon.
The passage at the end of annal 172 concerning Rian and
Tuor, with the further reference to Tuor in annal 173, follows
the rewriting of Q $16, note 3; and here as there there is no
mention of Tuor's slavery among the Easterlings, which was
however referred to in Q as first written.
Annal 173 The words 'others [Morgoth] forbade to leave
Hithlum, and they were slain if Orcs found them east or south
of the Shadowy Mountains' must refer to those Elves who
were not enslaved in Angband; but this is surprising. Cf. Q
$12, where it is told that Morgoth penned the Easterlings be-
hind the Shadowy Mountains in Hithlum 'and slew them if
they wandered to Broseliand or beyond', similarly in The
Silmarillion (p. 195) it was the Easterlings that Morgoth would
not permit to leave.
In Q $12, as in S, and as in The Silmarillion (pp. 198 - 9),
Turin left his home before his sister Nienor was born (see
p. 70). The entry in AB for Nienor's birth is an early addition
and certainly belongs with the revised dating of Turin's birth
(i.e. in the year 165, not 170, see note 36) and of his journey
to Doriath (i.e. in 173 not 177, see note 48): thus Turin left af-
ter his sister's birth.
Annals 181 to 199 In the legend of the Children of Hurin
there is virtually no development from its form in the Quenta,
from which the Annals doubtless derive it direct. The compres-
sion is very great, and AB was obviously not intended as an
independent composition - thus Turin's slaying of Brodda is
recorded in the annal 195 - 6 without any indication of the
cause, and Brodda has not even been mentioned. The passage
in the entry for 196: 'Glomund lays a spell on the company
and disperses it. Morwen vanishes in the woods; and a great
darkness of mind comes on Nienor' is hardly recognisable as
an account of the events known from the Tale, S, Q, and The
Silmarillion; but the general concurrence of all these other ver-
sions shows that the wording of AB is the result of severe
compression of the narrative, composed very rapidly (see
p, 351). It is here, however, that the only development in the
story appears: Morwen 'vanishes in the woods', and is not, as
Q $13, led back in safety to Doriath.
The dates in these annals are of much interest as indicating
my father's conception of the duration and intervals of time in
the legend, concerning which the other early texts give very lit-
tle idea. Thus Turin's life as an outlaw after his flight from
Doriath and until the capture of Beleg lasted three years, and
a further two until the band was betrayed by Blodrin; he spent
five years in Nargothrond, and was thirty years old at the time
of its fall. Nienor dwelt among the Woodmen for some three
years; she was twenty-six years old when she died, and Turin
Turambar was thirty-four.
Annal 181 The first sentence of this annal refers to the time
when tidings of Morwen ceased - seven years after Turin's ar-
rival in Doriath according to the Tale of Turambar (II. 90) and
the first version of the Lay of the Children of Hurin (line 333),
nine according to the second version of the Lay (line 693) and
in The Silmarillion (p. 199). In AB it is eight years since his
Coming to Doriath.
Annal 184 Turin, born in 165, was thus nineteen when he
slew Orgof, as in the Tale of Turambar and the Lay of the
Children of Hurin; see II. 142.
Annal 188 In the entry for this year added later in pencil
(note 49) the story of the slaying of Orodreth's son Halmir by
Orcs re-emerges from the Lay of the Children of Hurin, lines
2137 - 8, where Orodreth's hatred for 'the broods of Hell' is ex-
plained:
his son had they slain, the swift-footed
Halmir the hunter of hart and boar,
This disappeared again later, and the name Halmir came to be
borne by one of the Lords of Brethil, when that line was much
changed and extended. (In the list of Old English names of the
Noldorin princes (p. 261) Orodreth has two sons, Ordhelm and
Ordlaf, without Elvish equivalents given.)
Annal 190 The added Elvish name Ivrineithil (note 51) first
occurs here (Eithel Ivrin in The Silmarillion).
'They are admitted on the prayer of Finduilas' is a reminis-
cence of the Lay (lines 1950ff.).
Annal 190-195 In this annal is the first occurrence of the
form Mormegil (Mormaglir in Q), though here corrected later
(notes 52, 55) to Mormael.
The early emendation given in note 53 is curious: from
'Morgoth learns of the stronghold' to 'Morgoth learns of the
growing strength of the stronghold'. It looks as if this change
was made in order to get rid of the idea that the loss of the
'ancient secrecy' of the Elves of Nargothrond in Turin's time
led to Morgoth's discovery of its site. I have said in my com-
mentary on Q $13 (p. 222) that while there is no suggestion
that Turin's policy of open war revealed Nargothrond to
Morgoth. this element goes back to the Tale !>f Turambar and
its absence from Q must be due to compression (earlier in Q,
at the end of $11, it is said that after the Battle of Unnumbered
Tears Morgoth paid little heed to Doriath and Nargothrond
'maybe because he knew little of them'). In The Silmarillion it
is said (p. 211) 'Thus Nargothrond v as revealed to the wrath
and hatred of Morgoth'. and this is an important element in
contention over policy between Turin and Gwindor in a late
passage that was not fully assimilated to the Narn i Hin Hurin
(Unfinished Tales p. 156):
You speak of secrecy, and say that therein lies the only
hope; but could you ambush and waylay every scout and
spy of Morgoth to the last and least, so that none came ever
hack with tidings to Angband, yet,'rom that he would learn
that you lived and guess where.
The alliance of the Gnomes of Nargothrond with the people
of Handir (Haleth's grandson) is not found in The Silmarillion.
In AB (annal 195) Handir was slain in the battle of the fall of
Nargothrond: in The Silmarillion (p. 212) he was slain in the
year of the fall, but before it, when Orcs invaded his land.
Annal 192 Cf, the beginning of Q $16, and note 1.
Annal 195 'Glomund with a host of Orcs comes over
Erydlomin (> Erydwethion, note 54) and defeats the Gnomes
between Narog and Taiglin' shows that, as in Q, the battle be-
fore the Sack of Nargothrond was not fought at the later site,
between Ginglith and Narog; see p. 222.
That Glomund passed over the Shadowy Mountains implies
that he came from Angband by way of Hithlum, and it seems
strange that he should not have entered Beleriand by the Pass
of Sirion; but in the next major version of the Annals of
Beleriand it is said expressly that he 'passed into Hithlum and
did great evil' before moving south over the mountains. There
is no indication of why Morgoth commanded, or permitted,
this.
In the redating of the entry (196 > 195, see note 57) con-
cerning Tuor's journey from. Hithlum to the sea and along the
coast to the mouths of Sirion there is a foreshadowing of the
situation in The Silmarillion, where (p. 238) 'Tuor dwelt in
Nevrast alone, and the summer of that year passed, and the
doom of Nargothrond drew near', thus it was that Tuor and
Voronwe on their journey to Gondolin saw at Ivrin, defiled by
the passage of Giaurung on his way to Nargothrond, a tall man
hastening northwards and bearing a black sword, though 'they
knew not who he was. nor anything of what had befallen in the
south' (p, 239).
Why were the havens of Brithombar and Eidorest (> Eglo-
rest) 'ruined'? Nothirgh has been said anywhere of the destruc-
tion of the Havens. In the next version of the Annals of
Beleriand the same remains true, and the Havens are again
said, in the corresponding passage, to be in ruins. Later, the
Havens were besieged and destroyed in the year after the Bat-
tle of Unnumbered Tears (The Silmarillion p. 296), and I have
suggested (p. 282) that the statement on the Westward exten-
sion of the first map 'Here Morgoth reaches the shores' may
be a reference to this story: it seems then that it was present,
though my father neglected to refer to it until much later.
Annal 195-6 If the h of Turumarth was to be deleted (note
58) this was a reversion of the form in the Tale of Turambar
(II. 70, 86). In Q $13 Turumarth was later changed to
Turamarth (note 12).
Annal 199 The addition Silver Bowl (Celebrindon) (note 59)
is another case, like that of Flinding > Gwindor in annal 172,:
where the alteration to AB preceded that made to Q. This is
shown by the first, rejected form Celebrindon, whereas in the
addition to Q ($13, note 14) there is only Celebros (translated,
as here, 'Foam-silver').
Tuor entered Gondolin in 196, and thus dwelt there for three
years before he wedded Idril. This agrees with S ($16, see
p. 80); in Q nothing is said on the subject.
Annal 200 Hurin's band is now composed of Men, not Elves:
(see II. 137: in Q $14 they are only described as 'outlaws of
the wood-'); but the story as very briefly given in AB does not
advance matters at this difficult point (see my discussion, p.
227). Hurin's fate. and Morwen's, is now unknown; in Q
'some have said that he cast himself at last into the western
sea', and (at the end of $13) 'some have said that Morwen,
wandering woefully from Thingol's halls... came on a time
to that stone and read it, and there died'.
Annals 201 and 202 In the story of the Nauglafring
(> Nauglamir, note 60) there is very little narrative develop-
ment from Q ($14); but the change from 'War ensues between
the Elves and Dwarves' to 'Enmity awakes' (note 61) suggests
that my father was revising the story at this point. The war'
is the fighting in the Thousand Caves which first enters the
narrative in Q, and of which the slain were buried in Cum-nan-
Arasaith, the Mound of Avarice.
The name of the river in which the gold was drowned,
Asgar, is found also in the list of Old English names (p. 256);
in Q, and on the Eastward extension of the map, as in The
Silmarillion, the form is Ascar.
It is made clear that Luthien died as a mortal (see
pp.230 - 1), and the suggestion is that she and Beren died at
the same time. It is seen from the dates that they lived on only
a very brief while after the coming of the Silmaril to Ossiriand:
cf. Q 'the brief hour of the loveliness of the land of Rathlorion
departed'. Here is first mentioned the bringing of the Silmaril
to Dior in Doriath by night.
Annal 206 A minor addition to the story in Q ($14) is that
the battle between the Elves of the renewed Doriath and the
Feanorians took place on the eastern marches of the realm; and
the young sons of Dior were slain 'by the evil men of
Maidros host - which does not necessarily mean that the
Feanorians came upon Doriath with mortal allies, since 'men'
is used in the sense 'male Elves'. The sons of Dior, named
Eldun and Elrun in an addition to Q (note 14), here bear the
names Elboron and Elbereth; the latter must be the first occur-
rence of Elbereth in my father's writings. It is seen from the
next version of the Annals of Beleriand that the names Eldun
and Elrun replaced those given here.
Annal 207 As with the legend of the Necklace of the
Dwarves, the extremely abbreviated account of the Fall of
Gondolin in AB shows no change from that in Q $16.
Annals 208 to 233 In annal 210 it is said that Maidros actu-
ally forswore his oath (although in the final annal he still
strives to fulfil it); and this is clearly to be related to his revul-
sion at the killing of Dior's sons in the annal for 206. Damrod
and Diriel now emerge as the most ferocious of the surviving
sons of Feanor, and it is on them that the blame for the assault
on the people of Sirion is primarily laid: Maidros and Maglor
only 'gave reluctant aid'. This develops further an increasing
emphasis in these texts on the weariness and loathing felt by
Maidros and Maglor for the duty they felt bound to.
In annal 229 Maglor, rather than Maidros as in Q $17, be-
comes the saviour of Elrond; this change is made also in a late
rewriting of Q II ($17 note 10), where however Elrond'g
brother Elros also emerges, as is not the case in AB.
The story of Elwing and Earendel follows that in Q II:
Elwing bearing the Silmaril is borne up out of the sea by Ulmo
in the form of a bird and comes to Earendel as he returns in
his ship, and they voyage together in search of Valinor; and it
is Earendel's 'embassy of the two kindreds' that leads to the
assault on Morgoth (see p. 238).
Annal 240 This is the first mention of any kind of the life of
the few surviving Gnomes who remained free after the destruc-
tion of the people of Sirion; and in a later addition {note 65)
is the first appearance of Amon Ereb, the Lonely Hill in East
Beleriand, where they lurked.
Annal 233 - 43 The refusal of the Teleri to leave Valinor at all
(though they built a great number of ships) seems to be a re-
version to the story in Q I $17 (p. 178); in Q II (p. 185) 'they
went not forth save very few', and those that did manned the
fleet that bore the hosts of Valinor. But AB may here be sim-
ply very compressed.
Annals 247 and 250 In the account of the assault on
Morgoth from the West there are some additions to the narra-
tive in Q ($17): the Battle of Eldorest (> Eglorest), where
Ingwil (> Ingwiel) landed in Middle-earth (Ingwiel is the form
in an addition to Q II, note 19: the form Ingwil in AB preceded
this), the summons of Fionwe to all Elves, Dwarves, Men,
beasts and birds to come to his banners, and the array of the
hosts of West and North on either side of Sirion.
The statement (subsequently corrected, notes 70 - 1) that both
Maglor and Maidros 'perished in a last endeavour to seize the
Silmarils' seems to suggest a passing movement to yet another
formulation of the story (see the table on p. 246); but may well
have been a slip due to hasty composition and compression.
It remains to notice the chronology of the last years of
Beleriand that now emerges. Tuor wedded Idril in the year
(199) of the deaths of Turin and Nienor; and both Earendel
and Elwing were born in the following year, five years after
the Fall of Nargothrond (195). Dior's re-establishment of
Thingol's realm lasted no more than four years (202-6), and
the Fall of Gondolin followed only one year after the final ruin
of Doriath (in the old Tale of the Nauglafring, II. 242, the two
events took place on the very same day), and one year after the
capture of Meglin in the hills. Earendel was seven years old at
the Fall of Gondolin (as stated in Q $16), and thirty-three years
old when he came to Valinor. The settlement at the delta of
Sirion lasted twenty-three years from Elwing's coming there.
The shortness of the time as my father at this period con-
ceived it is very remarkable, the more so in comparison with
the later lavish millennia of the Second and Third Ages, not to
mention the aeons allowed to the ages before the rising of the
Sun and Moon. The history of Men in Beleriand is comprised
in 150 years before the beginning of the Great Battle;
Nargothrond, Doriath, and Gondolin were all destroyed within
thirteen years; and the entire history from the rising of the Sun
and Moon and the coming of the exiled Noldoli to the destruc-
tion of Beleriand and the end of the Elder Days covers two and
half centuries (or three according to the addition given in note
69: 'This great war lasted fifty years').
The second version of the earliest Annals of Beleriand.
This brief text, 'AB II', is in the first annals closely based
on AB I, with some minor developments, but from the entry
for the year 51 becomes a new; work, and an important step in
the evolution of the legendary history. The text was lightly
emended in pencil, and these few changes are given in the
notes, apart from one or two small alterations of wording or
sentence-order that are taken up silently. As to its date, it v as
later than AV if one judges from the fact that the crossing to
Middle-earth of Orodreth, Angrod, and Egnor in the ships with
the Feanorians is embodied in the text, whereas in AV it is an
insertion (note 21)
ANNALS OF BELERIAND.
Translation of AElfwine.
Before the Uprising of the Sun Morgoth fled from Valinor
with the Silmarils the magic gems of Feanor, and returned into
the Northern regions and rebuilt his fortress of Angband be-
neath the Black Mountains, where is their highest peak
Thangorodrim. He devised the Balrogs and the Orcs; and he
set the Silmarils in his iron crown.
The Gnomes of the eldest house, the Dispossessed, came
into the North under Feanor and his seven sons, with their
friends Orodreth, Angrod, and Egnor, sons of Finrod. They
burned the Telerian ships. They fought soon after the First Bat-
tle with Morgoth, that is Dagor-os-Giliath, or the 'Battle-under-
Stars', and Feanor defeated the Orcs, but was mortally
wounded by Gothmog, captain of Balrogs, and died after in
Mithrim.
Maidros, his eldest son, was ambushed and captured by
Morgoth, and hung on Thangorodrim; but the other sons of
Feanor camped about Lake Mithrim behind Eredwethion, that
is the 'Shadowy Mountains'.
Years of the Sun
1 Here the Moon and Sun, made by the Gods after
the death of the Two Trees of Valinor, first ap-
peared. Thus measured time came into the Hither
Lands.' Fingolfin (and with him came Felagund
son of Finrod) led the second house of the
Gnomes over the straits of Grinding Ice into
the Hither Lands. They came into the North even
with the first Moonrise, and the first dawn shone
upon their march and their unfurled banners.
And Morgoth at the coming of Light withdrew
dismayed into his deepest dungeons, but there he
smithied in secret, and sent forth black smokes.
But Fingolfin blew his trumpets in defiance be-
fore the gates of Angband, and came south to
Mithrim; but the sons of Feanor withdrew to its
south shores, and there was feud between the
houses, because of the burning of the ships, and
the lake lay between them.
2 Here Fingon son of Fingolfin healed the feud, by
rescuing Maidros with the help of Thorndor,
king of Eagles.
1-50 Here the Gnomes wandered far and wide over
Beleriand exploring it, and settling it in many
places, from the Great Sea, Belegar, to the
Eredlindon, that is the 'Blue Mountains', and all
Sirion's vale, save Doriath in the middle, which
Thingol and Melian held.
20 Here the 'Feast and Games of Reuniting' (that is
in Gnomish Mereth Aderthad) were held in Nan
Tathrin, the 'Land of Willows', near the delta of
Sirion, and there were the Elves of Valinor, of
the three houses of the Gnomes, and the Dark-
elves, both those of the Western Havens,
Brithombar and Eglorest,' and the scattered
Wood-elves of the West, and ambassadors of
Thingol. But Thingol would not open his king-
dom, or remove the magic that fenced it, and
trusted not in the restraint of Morgoth to last
long. Yet a time of peace, of growth and blos-
soming, and of prosperous mirth followed.
50 Here unquiet and troubled dreams came upon
Turgon son of Fingolfin and Felagund, his
friend, son of Finrod, and they sought for places
of refuge, lest Morgoth burst from Angband as
their dreams foreboded. And Felagund found the
caves of Narog and began there to establish a
strong place and armouries, after the fashion of
Thingol's abode at Menegroth; and he called it
Nargothrond. But Turgon journeying alone dis-
covered by the grace of Ulmo the hidden vale of
Gondolin, and he told no man as yet.
51 Now Morgoth's might began suddenly to move
once more; there were earthquakes in the North
and fire came from the mountains, and the Orcs
raided into Beleriand. But Fingolfin and Maidros .
gathered their forces, and many of the Dark-
elves, and they destroyed all the Orcs that were .
without Angband, and they fell upon an army
that gathered upon Bladorion, and before it could
retreat to Morgoth's walls they destroyed it ut-
terly; and this was the 'Second Battle', Dagor
Aglareb, 'the Glorious Battle'. And afterward
they laid the Siege of Angband which lasted
more than two' hundred years; and Fingolfin
boasted that Morgoth could never burst from his
leaguer, though neither could key take Angband
nor recover the Silmarils. But war never ceased
utterly in all this time, for Morgoth was secretly
arming, and ever and anon would try the strength
and watchfulness of his foes.(4)
But Turgon being still troubled in heart took a
third part of the Gnomes of Fingolfin's house,
and their goods, and their womenfolk, and de-
parted south and vanished, and none knew
whither he was gone; but he came to Gondolin
and built a city and fortified the surrounding
hills.
But the rest beleaguered Angband in this wise.
In the West, were Fingolfin and Fingon, and they
dwelt in Hithlum, and their chief fort was at
'Sirion's Well' (Eithel Sirion), on the east of
Eredwethion, and all Eredwethion they manned,
and watched Bladorion thence and rode often
upon that plain, even to the feet of the mountains
of Morgoth; and their horses multiplied for the
grass was good. Of those horses many of the
sires came from Valinor. But the sons of Finrod
held the land from Eredwethion to the eastern
end of Taur-na-Danion the Forest of Pines, from
whose northern slopes also they guarded
Bladorion. But Fingolfin was overlord of the
Dark-elves as far south as Eglorest' and west of
Eglor; and he was King of Hithlum, and Lord of
the Falas or Western Shore; and Felagund was
King of Narog, and his brothers were the Lords
of Taur-na-Danion, and his vassals; and Felagund
was lord of the lands east and west of Narog as
far south as Sirion's mouths, from Eglor to
Sirion, save for part of Doriath that lay west of
Sirion between Taiglin and Umboth-Muilin. But
between Sirion and Mindeb no man dwelt; and
in Gondolin, south-west of Taur-na-Danion, was
Turgon, but that was not known.
And King Felagund had his seat at Nar-
gothrond far to the South, but his fort and
strong place was in the North, in the pass into
Beleriand between Eredwethion and Taur-na-
Danion, and it was upon an isle in the waters of
Sirion that was called Tolsirion. South of Taur-
na-Danion was a wide space untenanted between
the fences of Melian and the regions of Finrod's
sons, who held most to the northern borders of
the wooded mountains. Easternmost dwelt
Orodreth, nighest to his friends the sons of
Feanor. And of these Celegorm and Curufin held
the land between Aros and Celon even from the
borders of Doriath to the Pass of Aglon between
Taur-na-Danion and the Hill of Himling, and this
pass and the plains beyond they guarded. But
Maidros had a strong place upon the Hill of
Himling, and the lower hills that lie from the
Forest even to Eredlindon were called the
Marches of Maidros, and he was much in
the plains to the North, but held also the woods
south between Celon and Gelion; and to the East
Maglor held the land even as far as Eredlindon;
but Cranthir ranged in the wide lands between
Gelion and the Blue Mountains; and all East
Beleriand behind was wild and little tenanted
save by scattered Dark-elves, but it was under
the overlordship of Maidros from Sirion's
mouths to Gelion (where it joins with Brilthor),
and Damrod and Diriel were there, and came not:
much to war in the North. But Ossiriand was not
subject to Maidros or his brethren, and there
dwelt the Green-elves between Gelion and Ascar
and Adurant, and the mountains. Into East
Beleriand many of the Elf-lords even from afar
came at times for hunting in the wild woods.
51 - 255 (6) This time is called the Siege of Angband and
was a time of bliss, and the world had peace and
light, and Beleriand became exceedingly fair,
and Men waxed and multiplied and spread, and
had converse with the Dark-elves of the East,
and learned much Of them, and they heard ru-
mours of the Blessed Realms of the West and of
the Powers that dwelt there, and many in their
wanderings moved slowly thither.
In this time Brithombar and Eglorest were
builded to fair towns and the Tower of Tindobel
was set up upon the cape west of Eglorest to
watch the Western Seas; and some went forth
and dwelt upon the great isle of Balar that lieth
in the bay of Balar into which Sirion flows.
And in the East the Gnomes clomb Eredlindon
and gazed afar, but came not into the lands be-
yond; but in those mountains they met the
Dwarves, and there was yet no enmity between
them and nonetheless little love. For it is not
known whence the Dwarves came, save that the
are not of Elf-kin or mortal kind or of Morgoth's
breed. But in those regions the Dwarves dwelt in
great mines and cities in the East of Eredlindon
and far south of Beleriand, and the chief of these
were Nogrod and Belegost.
102 About this time the building of Nargothrond and
of Gondolin was wellnigh complete.
104 About this time Cranthir's folk first met the
Dwarves as is told above; for the Dwarves had
of old a road into the West that came up along
Eredlindon to the East and passed westward in
the passes south of Mount Dolm and down the
course of [the] R[iver] Ascar and over Gelion at
the ford Sarn Athrad and so to Aros.(7)
105 Morgoth endeavoured to take Fingolfin at un-
awares and an army, but a small one, marched
south, west of Eredlomin, but were destroyed
and passed not into Hithlum, but the most were
driven into the sea in the firth at Drengist; and
this is not reckoned among the great battles,
though the slaughter of Orcs was great.
After this was peace a long while, save that
Glomund the first of Dragons came forth from
Angband's gate at night in 155 and he was yet
young. And the Elves fled to Eredwethion and
Taur-na-Danion, but Fingon with his horsed
archers rode up and Glomund could not yet
withstand their darts, and fled back and came not
forth again for a long time.
170 Here Beor was born east of Eredlindon.
188 Here Haleth was born east of Eredlindon.
190 Here Hador the Goldenhaired was born east of
Eredlindon.
200 Meeting of Felagund and Beor. Bregolas born.
202 War on east marches. Beor and Felagund there.
Barahir born.
220 Unfriendliness of sons of Feanor to Men -
because of lies of Morgoth: - hence tragedy of
their treaty in end of need to the worst Men, and
their betrayal by them.(8)
NOTES.
1 Added in pencil; At this time Men first awoke in the midst [emended
to east] of the world. In the meantime (Fingolfin, &c.) In the second
sentence led was changed to had led.
2 Eglorest is an early change in ink from Eglarest; cf. AB I, notes 8, 67,
3 two was changed from one while these Annals were in process of com-
position; see note 6.
4 This sentence was an early addition, probably made when my father
was writing the annal for 105.
5 Eglorest < Eglarest, as in note 2. At the occurrences of the name in
the annal 51 - 255 it was written Eglorest.
6 255 is a change in pencil from 155. hut it obviously belongs with the
change given in note 3, made while the Annals were being written, as
can be seen from the reference in annal 105 to Glomund's emergence in
155, which took place during the Siege. My father must have overlooked
the need to change the date, and put it in later when he noticed it.
7 Added in pencil: But they came not into Beleriand after the coming of
the Gnomes, until the power of Maidros and Fingon fell in the Third
(Fourth) Battle.
8 At the end the text was written at increasing speed and the last few
lines are a scrawl. The unfilled annal 220 was to be the entry of Haleth
and Hador into Beleriand. In the final sentence 'tragedy' replaced 'jus-
tice' at the time of writing.
Commentary on the Annals of Beleriand (text AB II).
The revised dates. The period of the Siege of Angband is ex-
tended by a hundred years, and now lasts from 51 (as in AB
I)to 255 (notes 3 and 6). The birth dates of Beor, Haleth,
Hador, Bregolas, and Barahir, and the meeting of Felagund
with Beor, are all increased pari passu with the lengthening of
the Siege by a hundred years from AB I.
This commentary again follows the annal-sections of the
text. The many cases where names pencilled on the AB I man-
uscript are embodied in the text of AB II can be noticed to-
gether; Dagor-os-Giliath, Eredwethion, Belegar, Eredlindon,
Eglorest (< Eglarest), Eithel Sirion, Sarn Athrad (for Sarn
Athra). Menegroth in annal 50 occurs in an addition to AV
(note 18) and in the Old English version II (p. 343),
Opening section and Annals 1 to 51 As I have said, while
AB II is here closely based on AB I, there are some minor de-
velopments. Where in AB I Thangorodrim is called 'the Black
Mountain', it is now the highest peak of 'the Black Moun-
tains', Whether the story of the Battle-under-Stars had yet
shifted is not clear; the statement that the sons of Feanor en-
camped about Lake Mithrim after the capture of Maidros be-
longs to the older story (see p. 352), whereas Feanor's death
'in Mithrim' (which shows that Mithrim was a region and not
only the name of the lake) suggests the later. Fingolfin's defi-
ance before Angband is now present, and the removal of the
Feanorians to the southern shores of the lake when Fingolfin's
people arrived, as they are in AV (p. 320).
In annal 20 the Elvish name Mereth Aderthad for the Feast
of Reuniting now appears for the first time; and a little more
is said of Thingol's policies at this time (a passage that reap-
pears in The Silmarillion, p. 111), though nothing of his hostil-
ity to the Gnomes.
In AB I Turgon's departure to Gondolin is given under the
year 50, but in AB II it was in this year that he discovered it
('by the grace of Ulmo'), and in 51 he departed from Hithlum
(with a third of the Gnomes of the second house: so also in
Be Silmarillion, p. 126). Under 102 it is stated that the build-
ing of Gondolin was 'wellnigh complete', and this (relative)
dating survived into The Silmarillion (p. 125), where Gondolin
was 'full-wrought after two and fifty years of secret toil'
though in the final story it was only then that Turgon himself
abandoned his halls of Vinyamar.
Annal 51 The Glorious Battle, of which there is only a sug-
gestion in AB I (under the years 50 - 51), now becomes a de-
terminate event with a name (and the Elvish Dagor Aglareb
appears), and the driving back of the Orcs becomes the de
struction of an Orc-host on Baldorion; cf. The Silmarillion
p. 115. Fingolfin's boast that Morgoth could never break the
Siege goes back to Q $9: 'The Gnomes boasted that never
could he break their leaguer.'
In AB II the passage concerning the disposition of the
Gnomish princes during the years of the Siege is greatly ex-
panded, with much new detail (later appearing in The
Silmarillion in chapter 14, Of Beleriand and its Realms). It was
clearly composed very rapidly.
We now hear of the horses of the Lords of Hithlum that pas-
tured on Bladorion, many of whose sires came from Valinor
(cf. The Silmarillion p. 119). In AB I Fingolfin was overlord
of 'the Dark-elves west of Narog' (which no doubt implies the
relatively small importance of Nargothrond before the Battle of
Sudden Flame), but here his authority is over the Dark-elves
west of the river Eglor (Eldor on the Westward extension of
the first map, p. 281; see insert), and he is 'Lord of the Falas'
(cf. Falasse on the Ambarkanta map IV, p. 303; see insert);
while Felagund is lord of the whole territory between Eglor
and Sirion except for Doriath-beyond-Sirion. In The
Silmarillion (p. 120) Felagund (there called Finrod) likewise
'became the overlord of all the Elves of Beleriand between'
Sirion and the sea, save only in the Falas', but the Falas were
ruled by Cirdan the Shipwright, of whom there is still no trace.
Felagund's brothers have now become his vassals, as they are
in The Silmarillion (p. 120).
Between Sirion and Mindeb (see pp. 273-4) is a land where
'no man dwelt', but it is not named; in The Silmarillion (p.
121) it is 'the empty land of Dimbar'. 'A wide space unten-
anted' lay between the Girdle of Melian in the North and Taur-
na-Danion, but Nan Dungorthin (see pp. 273 - 4) is not named.
Orodreth's land is now specifically in the east of the great
pine-forested highlands, where he is near to his friends
Celegorm and Curufin, whose territory between Aros and
Celon (afterwards called Himlad) and extending up through the
Pass of Aglon is now made definite, and as it was to remain.
The territories of the other sons of Feanor are also given
clearer bounds, with mention for the first time of the Marches
of Maidros, of Maglor's land in the East 'even as far as
Eredlindon' (afterwards 'Maglor's Gap'), of Cranthir's (not yet
called Thargelion) between Gelion and the mountains, and of
the territory of Damrod and Diriel in the South of East
Beleriand. I do not know why Maidros' overlordship is said to
extend from Sirion's mouths to Gelion 'where it joins with
Brilthor'. At this time Brilthor was the fifth (not as later the
fourth) of the tributaries of Gelion coming down from the
mountains, the sixth and most southerly being Adurant (p. 283;
see also insert).
Annal 51-255 With the opening paragraph of this annal cf.
Q $6:
The Dark-elves they met and were aided by them, and were
taught by them speech and many things beside, and became
the friends of the children of the Eldalie who had never
found the paths to Valinor, and knew of the Valar but as a
rumour and a distant name.
The reference to the building of Brithombar and Eglorest 'to
fair towns' is found in The Silmarillion (p. 120), but there with
the addition of the word 'anew', this is because in the later
narrative the Havens of the Falas had long existed under the
lordship of Cirdan, and were rebuilt with the aid and skill of
the Noldor of Felagund's following. In the same passage it is
said that Felagund 'raised the tower of Barad Nimras to watch
the western sea', and also that some of the Elves of Nargoth-
rond 'went forth and explored the great Isle of Balar', though
'it was not their fate that they should ever dwell there', The
present annal is the first occurrence of the Isle and Bay of
Balar. The Tower of Tindobel, forerunner of Barad Nimras, is
marked on the Westward extension of the first map (see insert).
The climbing of Eredlindon by the Gnomes and their
meeting with the Dwarves is in The Silmarillion (pp. 112 - 13)
ascribed specifically to Caranthir's people settled in
Thargelion. The Dwarf-cities are in AB II still placed 'far
south of Beleriand', as on the Eastward extension of the map
(p. 285; see insert). The view of the Gnomes' relations with
the Dwarves, and of the Dwarves themselves, though very
briefly expressed, is much as in the passage of Q $9 on the
subject - as emended (note 4) from 'There they made war
upon the Dwarves of Nogrod and Belegost' to 'There they had
converse with' them: there is no suggestion here that there was .
fighting between the peoples, though there is also no mention
of traffic between them, which is much emphasized in the pas-
sage that 'structurally' corresponds in The Silmarillion
(p 113).
Annal 104 In AB I it is not until annal 163 that the Elves'
first encounter with the Dwarves is mentioned; this passage
was bracketed (note 29), obviously because the matter was to
be introduced earlier.
The description of the Dwarf-road agrees precisely with the
later course of the road on the Eastward extension of the map
(see p. 285 and insert). Mount Dolm, which is marked on the
map, is here first named in the narrative texts. It is notable that
the Dwarves are here said to have had this road 'of old'; and
the pencilled interpolation given in note 7 certainly means that
they no longer came into Beleriand after the return of the
Noldoli. In Q $14 is it recorded that 'Dwarves first spread west
from Eryd-luin, the Blue Mountains, into Beleriand after the
Battle of Unnumbered Tears'. In The Silmarillion (p. 91)
Dwarves entered Beleriand and its history very long before: 'It
came to pass during the second age of the captivity of Melkor
that Dwarves came over the Blue Mountains of Ered Luin into
Beleriand', and it was Dwarves of Belegost who devised the
mansions of Thingol. the Thousand Caves. 'And when the
building of Menegroth was achieved... the Naugrim yet came
ever and anon over the mountains and went in traffic about the
lands.' Annal 104 in AB II must be the first sign of this im-
portant structural change in the history; and it is probably sig-
nificant that the reference is to the first encounter of the
Gnomes (not of Elves in general) with the Dwarves.
The next version of the Annals of Beleriand makes it clear
that the reference in the interpolated passage (note 7) to 'the
Third (Fourth) Battle' is to the Battle of Sudden Flame, despite
the naming of Fingon rather than Fingolfin. In AB II the first
battle is Dagor-os-Giliath, the second Dagor Aglareb, and the
third (though AB II did not reach it) the Battle of Sudden
Flame. This interpolation shows my father already thinking of
what became the First Battle of Beleriand, in which Denethor
of the Green-elves was slain, and which is first hinted at in a
pencilled addition to AV (note 18); after the inclusion of this
battle in the great Battles of Beleriand, that of Sudden Flame
became the fourth.
Annal 105 In this annal are described for the first time
Morgoth's tests of the strength and watchfulness of the besieg-
ers, referred to in annal 51, and which remain in The
Silmarillion (p. 116). The first of these is there said to have
taken place nearly a hundred years since Dagor Aglareb. not as
here fifty-four: but the route taken by Morgoth's host is the
same in both accounts, southwards down the coast between
Ered Lomin and the sea to the Firth of Drengist. The story of
the emergence of Glomund, not yet full-grown, from the gates
of Angband by night, the flight of the Elves to Eredwethion
and Taur-na-Danion, and the rout of Glomund by Fingon's
horsed archers, is very close to the account in The Silmarillion,
where however it took place a hundred years after the attack
that ended at Drengist: in AB II, again, the time was only half
as long. These differences are associated with further great
lengthening of the duration of the Siege.
The addition 'in full might' (of Glomund at the Battle of
Sudden Flame) made to AB I (note 18) clearly depends on this
stage in the backward movement of Glomund's entries
into the history: see p. 380. Some lines of Old English verse
accompanying the lists of Old English names refer to Fingon's
victory over the Dragon:
Pa com of Mistoran meare ridan
Finbrand felahror flanas sceotan;
Glomundes gryre grimmum straelum
for( afliemde.
Finbrand is given as AElfwine's rendering of Fingon (p. 261);
Mistora is Mithrim (p. 258).
The concluding, hastily scrawled, sentence of AB II is inter-
esting. In The Silmarillion the Haladin (the 'People of Haleth')
dwelt in the south of Thargelion after crossing the Blue Moun-
tains, and there 'the people of Caranthir paid little heed to
them' (p. 143); after their brave defence of their homes
Caranthir 'looked kindly upon Men', and 'seeing, over late,
what valour there was in the Edain' offered them free lands to
dwell in further North under the protection of the Eldar: an of-
fer which was refused. This is the only reference in The
Silmarillion to 'unfriendliness' on the part of the Feanorians
towards Men (though one could well imagine it); but it is note-
worthy, in respect of the last words of these Annals, that it was
to Cranthir (Caranthir) that the treacherous sons of Ulfang
were allied (AB I annal 163, The Silmarillion p. 157).
APPENDIX.
Old English version of the Annals of Beleriand
made by AElfwine or Eriol.
This is the only further fragment of AElfwine's work in Tol
Eressea in his own language. Its relation to the Modem En-
glish version is puzzling, since, though it largely corresponds
closely to AB II, it also has features of the AB I text. For in-
stance, the defiance of Fingolfin before Angband and the with-
drawal of the Feanorians to the southern shore of the lake is
absent from annal I; the date 'I - C' follows AB I; while Mereth
Aderthad in annal XX agrees with AB II the annal is otherwise
as AB I; and annal L is a confused mixture. The simple expla-
nation that my father made the Old English version after AB I
but before AB II (and hence the headnote to AB II 'Translation
of AElfwine') comes up against the difficulty that in the Old
English the Siege of Angband lasted tu hund geara odde ma
(line 81), whereas AB II has 'one hundred' emended to 'two
hundred'. But the matter is not of importance.
Like version II of the Old English Annals of Valinor, the text
breaks off in mid-sentence. My father composed these annals,
like the others, fluently and rapidly (hence such variations as
Maegdros, Maegedros, Maidros); but he was interrupted, no
doubt, and never took them up again. I suspect that AElfwine's
version of the Annals of Beleriand was the last,
Beleriandes Geargesaegen.
Fore sunnan upgange: Morgop gefleah
Godedel paet is Falinor, ond genom pa
eorclanstanas Feanores, and pa com he eft on
Norpdaelas ond getimbrode paer on niwan his
faesten Angband (paet is Irenhell) under pam 5
Sweartbeorgum. He of searucrafte gescop pa
Balrogas ond pa orcas; ond pa eorclanstanas
sette he on his isernan helme. Pa comon pa
Noldielfe paere yldestan maegpe, pe Ierfeloran
hatton, ond sohton to lande, and gelaedde hie 10
Feanor and his seofon suna. Paer forbaerndon
hie pa Teleriscan scipu; and hie gefuhton
sippan wip Morgopes here and gefliemde hine:
paet waes paet aereste gefeoht, and hatte on
noldisce Dagor-os-Giliad, paet is on Englisc 15
gefeoht under steorrum oppe Tungolgup. Paer
Feanor geweold waelstowe ond adraefde pa
orcas, ac weard self forwundod pearle of
Gopmoge Balroga heretoga, Morgogs pegne,
and swealt sippan on Miprime. Pa weard 20
Maegdros his yldesta sunu of Morgope
beswicen, and weard gefangen, and Morgop
het hine ahon be paere rihthande on
Pangorodrim. Pa gedydon pa opere suna
Feaanores ymb Mithrim pone mere on 25
Northwestweardum landum, behindan Scuge-
beorge (Eredwepion).
AEfter sunnan upgange.
Sunnan gear I Her aetiewdon on aerest se
mona 7 seo sunne, and pa Godu scopon hie
aefter pam pe Morgop fordyde pa Beamas, for 30
pon pe hie naefdon leoht. Swa com gementen
Tid on middangeard. Fingolfin gelaedde pa
opere maegpe para Noldielfa on Norpdaelas
ofer Isgegrind oppe Helcarakse on pa
Hinderland; ond pa for Felagund mid sume 35
paere priddan maegpe. Pa foron hie ealle
norpan mid pam pe seo sunne aras, and pa
onbrugdon hie hira gupfanan, and comon
sippan mid micle prymme on Miprim. Paer
waes pa giet him faehp betwux paere maegpe 40
Feanores ond pam oprum. Morgoth mid py pe
leoht aetiewde beah on his deopestan gedelf, ac
sippan smipode paer fela pinga dearnunga and
sende forp sweartne smic.
II. Her Fingon Fingolfines sunu sibbe geniwode 45
betwux pam maegpum for pam pe he ahredde
Maegedros.
I-C. Her geondferdon and gesceawoden pa
Noldelfe Beleriand and gesaeton hit missenlice
ond eal Sirigeones dene of Garsecge (pe 50
Noldelfe Belegar hatad) op Haewengebeorg
(paet sind Eredlindon), butan Doriade on
middan pam lande pe Pingol and Melian
ahton.
XX. Her weard se gebeorscipe and se freolsdaeg 55
and se plega pe Noldelfe Merep Aderpad
nemnad (paet is Sibbegemotes freols) on
Wiligwangas gehealden, pe Noldielfe
Nantaprin hatad, neah Sirigeones mupum, and
paer wurdon gesamnode ge elfe of Godedle ge 60
deorcelfe ge eac sume a elfe of pam
Westhypum and of Doriade of Pingole
gesende. Pa weard long sibbtid.
Her wearp eft unfridu aweht of Morgope, ond
wurdon micle eorpdynas on Nordaelum, ond 65
pa orcas hergodon floccmaelum on Beleriand
ond pe elfe hie fuhton wid.
Her wurdon Turgon Fingolfines sunu 7 Inglor
Felagund Finrodes sunu his freond 7 maeg
yfelum swefnum geswenct. 7 hie faesten 7 70
fripstowa gesohton aer pon pe Morgop
aetburste swa hira swefn him manodon. Pa
funde Felagund pa deopan scrafu be Naroge
streame, 7 he paer ongann burg gestadelian and
waepenhord samnian, aefter paere wisan pe 75
Pingol bude Menegrop, 7 he paet heald
Nargoprond nemnde. Ac Turgon ana ferde 7
be Ulmoes lare funde Gondoelin pa dieglan
dene, ne saegde nanum menn pa giet.
Her ongann Morgop eft his maegen styrian; 7 80
wearp oft unfridu aweht on Beleriandes
gemaerum. Micle eorddynas wurdon on
norddaelum, 7 pa orcas hergodon floccmaelum
on Beleriand, ac pa elfe fuhton hie wid 7 hie
gefliemdon. 85
LI. Her gegaderode Morgod medmicelne here, and
fyr abaerst of pam nordernum beorgum; ac
Fingolfin 7 Maidros fierda gesamnodon and
manige para deorcelfa mid, 7 hie fordydon
pone orchere to nahte, and aslogon ealle pe hie 90
utan Angbande gemetton, and hie ehton paes
heriges geond pone feld Baldorion, paet nan eft
to Angbandes durum comon. Pis gefeoht hatte
siddan Dagor Aglareb, aet is Hrepgup on
Englisc. Sippan gesetton hie 'Angbandes 95 95
Ymbsetl', and paet gelaeston hie tu hund geara
odde ma, 7 Fingolfin beotode paet Morgop
naefre from pam ymbhagan aetberstan mihte.
He ne mihte self swapeah Angband abrecan ne
pa Silmarillan ahreddan. Unfridu weard naefre 100 100
ealunga aswefed on pisse langan tide, for
paem pe Morgop d... lice hine gewaepnode 7
aefre ymbe stunde wolde fandian paere strengu
and paere waecene his gefana.
Turgon cyning swapeah 105
NOTES.
1 - 20 Another, earlier, Old English account of these events is found at
the end of version I of the Annals of Valinor. p. 336.
3 eorclanstanas: see p. 283. As in the Old English version I of AV
the name Silmaril is also treated as an Old English noun, with
plura1 Silmarillan (line 84) (in the AV version Silmarillas).
9 Ierfeloran: with variant vowels Erfeloran, Yrfeloran in the Old
English version II of AV (line 135), and in the list of Old English
names, p. 212,
16 Tungolgup occurs also in the Old English version I of AV, line 55.
37 sunne: sunnan MS.
58 Wiligwangas is a pencilled correction from Wiligleagas.
61 pam: pa MS.
64-85 The text of this annal is confused. The first paragraph follows the
beginning of the first entry numbered 50 in AB I: the second
paragraph corresponds closely to AB II annal 50: and the third re-
peats the first.
78 Gondoelin is clearly written thus,
102 The illegible word is not dirnlice 'secretly'
New Old English names in this text are;
Sweartbeorgas (line 6) 'Black Mountains' (O.E. sweart 'black,
dark');
Scugebeorg (lines 26 - 7) = Eredwethion (O.E. scua 'shadow');
Isgegrind (line 34) = Helcarakse (O.E. gegrind 'grinding together,
clashing');
Haewengebeorg (line 51) = Eredlindon (O.E. haewen 'blue');
Wiligwangas (line 58) = Nan Tathrin (O.E. wilig 'willow', wang
'meadow. flat place' (cf. Wetwang in The Lord of the Rings);
the rejected name Wiligleagas contains leah, Modern English
lea).
Westhypum (line 62, dative plural) = Western Havens (cf. Eifethyd
= Swanhaven, p. 337; Modern English hithe).
Hrepgup (line 94) = Dagor Aglareb (O.E. hrep 'glory').
The most notable name here is Inglor Felagund (line 68).
This is the first occurrence of Inglor, which remained his 'true'
name for many years, though its existence is indicated by the
Old English equivalent Inglaf Felahror (p. 261).
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