I.
GANDALF'S DELAY.
In The Return of the Shadow, after citing and discussing the remark-
able notes and plot-outlines bearing the date August 1939 (Chapter
XXII: 'New Uncertainties and New Projections'), I turned to the
continuation of the story at Rivendell and after, as far as Moria. But at
this time (towards the end of 1939) my father was also engaged in
substantial further revision to what ultimately became Book I of The
Fellowship of the Ring (FR), arising primarily from a changed story of
Gandalf's movements, and an explanation of his delay. I doubt that it
would be possible to deduce a perfectly clear and coherent, step-by-
step chronology of this period in the narrative evolution, or to relate
precisely the development of the early chapters of what became Book
II to the new work on Book I; for my father moved back and forth,
trying out new conceptions and then perhaps abandoning them, and
producing such a tangle of change as cannot always be untied: and
even if it could be, it would require a vast amount of space to make
it all remotely comprehensible without the manuscripts. However,
granting that many uncertainties remain, I do not think that they
constitute a real impediment to understanding the development in all
essentials.
Most of this new work on the story as far as Rivendell can be
treated in terms of the individual chapters, but some outlines,
time-schemes, and notes are best collected together, though I cannot
certainly determine the order in which they were set down. These are
the subject of this chapter.
(1). This slip of paper begins 'State of Plot assumed after XI. (Much of
explanation in XII and of incident in Bree chapter will have to be
rewritten.)' The reference is clearly to Chapter XII 'The Council of
Elrond', which at this stage included the narrative afterwards separ-
ated off as 'Many Meetings' (see VI.399-400). Then follows:
Bilbo gives Party and goes off. At that time he does not know
anything about the ring's powers or origin (other than invisibility).
Motive writing book (bring in his wry expression about 'living
happily to end of [his] days') - and a restlessness: desire to see either
Sea or Mountains while his days last. Confesses to a slight re-
luctance to leave the ring, mixed with an oddly opposite feeling.
Says to Gandalf he sometimes feels it is like an eye looking at [him].
These two things give Gandalf food for thought. He helps Bilbo
therefore with his preparations - but keeps an eye on the Ring.
(Cut out a lot of the genealogical stuff and most of the Sackville-
Baggins stuff.)
Then Gandalf goes off and is absent for 3 and 7 years. At the end
of the last absence (14 - 15 years after Bilbo's disappearance)
Gandalf returns and actually stays with Frodo. Then he explains
what he has discovered. But he does not advise Frodo yet to go off,
though he does mention the Cracks of Doom and the Fiery
Mountain.
He departs again; and Frodo becomes restless. As Gandalf does
not come back for a year and more Frodo forms the idea of going
perhaps to the Cracks of Doom, but at any rate to Rivendell. There
he will get advice. He finally makes his plans with his friends Merry
and [Folco >] Faramond' (no Odo) and Sam. They go off just as the
Black Riders come to Hobbiton.
Gandalf finds out about the Black Riders but is delayed, because
the Dark Lord is hunting him (or because of Treebeard). He is
alarmed at finding Frodo gone and immediately rides off to
Buckland, but is again too late. He loses their trail owing to the
Old Forest escapade, and actually gets ahead. He falls in with
Trotter. Who is Trotter?
At the end of this sketch my father for a moment contemplated an
entirely novel answer to this question: that Trotter was 'a disguised elf
- friend of Bilbo's in Rivendell.' He was one of the Rivendell scouts, of
whom many were sent out, and he 'pretends to be a ranger'. This was
struck out, probably as soon as written.
If this is compared with the note dated August 1939 given in VI.374
it will be seen that a passage in the latter bears a distinct similarity to
what is said here:
Gandalf does not tell Frodo to leave Shire ... The plan for leaving
was entirely Frodo's. Dreams or some other cause [added: restless-
ness] have made him decide to go journeying (to find Cracks of
Doom? after seeking counsel of Elrond). Gandalf simply vanishes
for years.... Gandalf is simply trying to find them, and is des-
perately upset when he discovers Frodo has left Hobbiton.
That Treebeard was a hostile being, and that he held Gandalf in
captivity during the crucial time, appeared in the 'third phase' Chapter
XII (VI.363); cf. also VI.384, 397.
(2) In another undated scrap is seen the actual emergence of
'Trotter's' true name - as a Man: Aragorn.
Trotter is a man of Elrond's race descendant of [struck out at once:
Turin] the ancient men of the North, and one of Elrond's house-
hold. He was a hunter and wanderer. He became a friend of Bilbo.
He knew Gandalf. He was intrigued by Bilbo's story, and found
Gollum. When Gandalf went off on the last perilous quest - really
to find out about Black Riders and whether the Dark Lord would
attack the Shire - he [> Gandalf and Bilbo] arranged with Trotter
(real name [other unfinished names struck oat in the act of writing:
Bara / Rho / Dam] Aragorn son of Aramir) to go towards the Shire
and keep a lookout on the road from East (Gandalf was going
South). He gives Aragorn a letter to Frodo. Aragorn pretends he is a
Ranger and hangs about Bree. (He also warns Tom Bombadil.)
Reason of wooden shoes - no need in this case because Aragorn is
a man. Hence there is no need for Gandalf... The cache of food
at Weathertop is Aragorn's. Aragorn steers them to Weathertop as a
good lookout.
But how could Trotter miss Gandalf?
What delayed Gandalf? Black Riders or other hunters. Treebeard.
Aragorn did not miss Gandalf and arranged tryst on Weathertop.
At the end is written very emphatically and twice underlined: NO
0 D O.
The likeness of what is said of Trotter/Aragorn here (he was a man
of Elrond's race and household, he became a friend of Bilbo's, and he
'pretends he is a Ranger') to the proposal at the end of $1 (Trotter was
'a disguised elf', one of the Rivendell scouts, a friend of Bilbo's in
Rivendell, and he 'pretends to be a ranger') may suggest that the one
arose directly from the other. On the other hand, my father had still
not finally decided the question; for on the reverse of this piece of
paper and undoubtedly at the same time he wrote:
Alternative function for Trotter. Trotter is Peregrin Boffin that Bilbo
took away with him or who ran off with Bilbo - but this rather
duplicates things - unless you cut out all Frodo's friends.
If Trotter is Peregrin Boffin then Bilbo must go off quietly and
Peregrin simply vanish about the same time.
This is followed by a brief passage sketching a rough narrative on
these lines:
There was peace in Hobbiton for many years. Gandalf came seldom
and then very quietly and mainly to visit Bilbo. He seemed to have
given up trying to persuade even [?young] Tooks to go off on mad
adventures out of the Shire. Then suddenly things began to happen.
Bilbo Baggins disappeared again - that is hardly exact: he walked
off without saying a word except to Gandalf (and to his nephews
Peregrin and Frodo, it may be supposed). It was a great blow to
Frodo. He found Bilbo had left everything he possessed to himself
and Peregrin. But Peregrin also disappeared, leaving a will in which
his share
Here these notes end, the idea abandoned. Perhaps it was here that
Trotter ceased finally to be a hobbit, Peregrin Boffin.
(3) A page of clear notes in ink, agreeing in part with features of $1
and $2, is headed optimistically Final decisions. Oct. 8 1939. This was
subsequently emended in pencil, but I give it first as it was written.
(1) General plot as at present. Bilbo vanishes at party (but all that
chapter will have to be reduced, especially the Sackville-Baggins
business). (Begin with a conversation between Bilbo and Frodo?)
(2) Gandalf not expected by Frodo. Gandalf had not been seen for
213 years. Frodo grew restless and went off - although Gandalf had
really not wished him to go till he returned.
(3) When Bilbo went Gandalf not sure of nature of Ring. Bilbo's
longevity had made him suspicious - and he induced Bilbo not to
take Ring with him. Bilbo had no idea that Ring was dangerous -
hence simplify all Bilbo's motives, and remove the difficulty of his
burdening Frodo with it.
(4) Frodo's friends are Meriadoc Brandybuck and Peregrin Boffin
called Merry and Perry (only; no Odo). Peregrin drops off at
Crickhollow. Merry at Rivendell. Sam only goes on to end.
(5) Trotter is not a hobbit but a real ranger who had gone to live in
Rivendell after much wandering. Cut out shoes.
In (4) it is seen that despite the decision - which was indeed final - that
Trotter was a Man, 'Peregrin Boffin' survived the loss of his alter ego,
remaining an intimate of the owner of Bag End in a later generation;
and for a brief moment may be said to step into the shoes of Odo
Bolger - since he 'drops off at Crickhollow'.
Pencilled emendations were made to (4) and (5). To (4) was first
added: 'Peregrin stays at Hobbiton and tells Gandalf.' This was struck
out, and the first sentence of the note was changed to read: 'Frodo's
friends are Meriadoc Brandybuck and Ham [ilcar] Bolger and Fara-
mond Took, called Merry, Ham, and Far', with the further addition:
'Ham drops off at Crickhollow, but is picked up by Gandalf and used
as a decoy.?' (On this see under $6 below, p. 13.) Thus once more 'Odo
Bolger' will bounce back, but now under the name of Hamilcar of that
ilk. 'Hamilcar' has appeared hitherto only in a note dated August
1939, where it is proposed that 'Odo' be changed to 'Hamilcar' or
'Fredegar' (VI.373). 'Peregrin Boffin' disappears again - but only
temporarily.
To (5) was added in pencil, after 'a real ranger': 'descendant of
Elendil. Tarkil.' The name Tarkil appears in the Etymologies in V.364
(stem KHIL 'follow'): * tara-khil, in which the second element evi-
dently bears the sense mortal man (Hildi the Followers, an Elvish
name for Men, V.245).
(4) A page of very rough notes in pencil, covered with emendations
and additions, is dated 'Autumn 1939* and headed New Plot. There
now enters a very important development: a far more explicit account
of what had caused Gandalf s delay than anything that has been said
hitherto; and the evil figure of 'Giant Treebeard', his captor, dis-
appears - though not for good (see p. 72).
Time Scheme won't work out for Gandalf to be ahead.
(1) Crickhollow scene - only Hamilcar [struck out: or Folco](9)
there. He blows horn and startles the Riders' horses, which bolt.
They run out of the house, and find a way (10) as the hue and cry
wakes.
(2) Gandalf is behind at Bree. He knows Trotter (real name
Aragorn). Trotter helped him track Gollum. He brings Trotter back
in April 1418 to keep watch especially S.E. of Shire. It was a
message of Trotter's in July (?) that took Gandalf away (11)-fearing
Black Riders. He meets Trotter at Sarn Ford.(11) He then tells him of
Frodo's intended departure on Sept. 22. Begs him to watch East
Road in case anything happens to Gandalf himself. He visits Bree on
way back to Shire on Sept. [date illegible]. But is pursued and tries
to get round to west of Shire.
Black Riders pursue them [read him] - Gandalf has insufficient
magic to cope with Black Riders unaided, whose king is a wizard.
They pursue him over Sarn Ford and he cannot (or dare not) go
back to Shire.
Eventually he is besieged in the Western Tower. He cannot get
away while they guard it with five Riders. But when Black Riders
have located Frodo and found that he has gone off without Gandalf
they ride away. Three are ahead. Three follow Frodo, but miss him
and get ahead at Bree. Three come behind.(13) Gandalf follows after -
meets Peregrin [written above: news from Gaffer].
The remainder of this outline is a very rough and much corrected
chronology of Gandalf's subsequent movements, which is best con-
sidered together with other chronologies of this time ($6).
A remarkable feature of this 'New Plot' is the date April 1418, for
this is the first appearance of any 'exterior' chronology; moreover
1418 is the year in LR, Appendix B - according to the Shire
Reckoning, i.e. 3018 of the Third Age. At the present time, at any rate,
I am unable to cast any light on the chronology underlying this date,
or to make any suggestion as to the process by which it had arisen.
(5) On the reverse of the page bearing this 'New Plot' is a series of
notes on unconnected topics.
(1) Some mention of Bill Ferney's pony. Does this remain at
Rivendell? [The question is answered 'Yes'.]
(2) Real name of Trotter? [Pencilled against this: 'Aragorn'. See
$$ 2,4.)
(3) Elrond should tell more of Gilgalad?
(4) New name of Dimrilldale (now transferred to South). River
Hoarwell flowing out of ? Hoardale. Nen fimred. Wolfdale
[written above: Entishdale]. The region west of the Misty
Mountains north of Rivendell is called the Entishlands - home
of Trolls.(14)
(5) Gandalf says Tom Bombadil never leaves his own ground.
How then known to Butterbur? Tom's boundaries are from
Bree to High Hay?(15) [Against the words 'How then known to
Butterbur?' my father pencilled 'Not'.]
(6) Trotter is a Ranger - descendant of Elendil? - he is known to
Bilbo, and Gandalf. He has previously been to Mordor and
been tormented (caught in Moria). Gandalf brought him back
towards borders of Shire in April. It was a message from
Trotter that fetched Gandalf away in summer before Frodo left.
(7) Note Frodo's red sword is broken. Hence he accepts Sting.'
A final note was added in pencil: '(8) Not Barnabas Butterbur.' - In
the remarks about Trotter here the only point that has not appeared in
notes already given is that Trotter was captured in Moria: cf. the
original story of the Council of Elrond (VI.401): 'Trotter had tracked
Gollum as he wandered southwards, through Fangorn Forest, and
past the Dead Marshes, until he had himself been caught and
imprisoned by the Dark Lord.' It is seen here that the story of Trotter's
capture and torturing survived his change from hobbit to man.
Since Trotter's real name is not yet known these notes evidently
preceded those in $2 and $4; but no doubt they all come from the
same time.
(6) Time-schemes. In this section I attempt to present four chronolo-
gies of Gandalf's movements, which I label A, B, C, D. A is the
conclusion of the 'New Plot' given in $4 above, and was probably the
first to be set down. The schemes vary among themselves, each one
giving slightly different chronologies; and it is hard to be sure to what
extent the story differed in each, since my father was more explicit and
less explicit at different points in the different schemes. They were
working chronologies, much confused by alternatives and additions,
and they cannot be usefully reproduced as they stand, but in the table
on p. 12 I set out comparatively the (final) dates in each, with
statements in the original wording or closely based on it. The dates of
Frodo's journey from Hobbiton to Weathertop remain of course
unchanged, but I repeat them here for convenience:
Thurs. Sept. 22. Frodo's party
Fri. 23. Frodo and his friends leave Hobbiton
Sat. 24. Night with the Elves
Sun. 25. Farmer Maggot; reach Crickhollow
Mon. 26. Old Forest; first night with Bombadil
Tues. 27. Second night with Bombadil.
Wed. 28. Leave Bombadil; Barrow-downs.
Thurs. 29. Reach Bree.
Fri. 30. Leave Bree; in Chetwood.  
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